4 Lit. Literary Genres Conventional

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE
FROM THE PHILIPPINES

AND THE WORLD
Objective:
Compare and contrast the
various 21st century literary
genres and the ones from the
earlier genres/periods citing
their elements, structure and
traditions.
Objective:
Compare and contrast the
various 21st century literary
genres and the ones from the
earlier genres/periods citing
their elements, structure and
traditions.
“We write to taste life twice:
in the moment and in
retrospection.”
- Anais Nin
Conventional Literary
Genres
4 Major Literary Genres
 Poetry
 Drama
 Fiction
 Non-fiction
(POETRY)
Poetry – is defined as a type
of literature that conveys a
thought, describe a scene or
tells a story in a concentrated,
lyrical arrangement of words.
Poetry – is a set of
instruments used to create a
poem.
Poetry is always characterized according to
the following:
 attempts to achieve beauty.
Makes use of the strength of imagination.
 it’s musical, melodic, and rhythmical
 makes use of language that is
metaphorical or symbolic, not direct.
Major Category of Poetry
 Narrative poems
Form of poetry that is used to tell a story. The poet combines the
elements of story telling and the elements of poetry.
 Dramatic poems
“Verse Drama”. A form of narrative closely related to acting, it
usually is performed physically and can be either spoken or sung.
 Lyric poems
Has a musical rhythm. Topics often explore romantic feelings or
other strong emotions. You can usually identify a lyric poem by
its musicality: if you can imagine singing it, it’s probably lyric.
Elements of Poetry
 Senses and Images
 Diction
 Rhyme Scheme
 Persona/Speaker/Voice
 Structure
 Figurative Language
Elements of Poetry
1. Senses and Images – the use of vivid
and descriptive language.
 Senses and images are used by the
writer to describe their
impressions of their topic or object
of writing.
Senses and Images – the use of vivid
and descriptive language.
 The writer uses carefully chosen

words to create an imagery that the
reader can see through his or her
senses.
The kind of sense impressions in poetry are
categorized in mainly the following:
• Visual imagery – what the writer wants

you to see.
Ex. A host of golden daffodils; Beside the lake,
beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in
the breeze.
• Auditory imagery – what the writer wants

you to hear.
Ex. The tapping of nails on the table.
The sound of a broken glass shattering on the
hard floor.
• Olfactory imagery – what the writer

wants you to smell.
Ex. The fragrance of spring flowers made her
joyful.
• Tactile imagery – appeals to the sense of

touch.
Ex. The feeling of a nice fuzzy blanket on a
cold night; The smooth underside of a snake;
The rough texture of tree bark
• Gustatory imagery – appeals to the sense

of taste.
Ex. The salty, sweet flavor of salt water taffy
was Carrie’s very favorite thing about going
to the beach for summer vacation.
Elements of Poetry
2. Diction – the writer’s choice and
use of words.
- Also refers to the
denotative and connotative
meaning of the words.
 Denotation – dictionary/literal
meaning of a word.
Ex. A glass pane of our window was

shattered by a cricket ball.
 Connotation – secondary meaning in
addition to the primary meaning that is
dependent on the context of how the
word was used.
Ex. Michael’s hopes and dreams were

shattered upon receiving updates on his
job interview.
Elements of Poetry
3. Rhyme Scheme – the way the author

arranges words, meters, lines, and
stanzas to create a coherent sound
when the poem is read aloud.
– it may be formal or informal,
depending on the way the poem
was written by the poet.
- A pattern of rhyme that comes
at the end of each verse or line in
poetry.
a. Alternate Rhyme – ABAB
b. Enclosed Rhyme – ABBA
c. Monorhyme – AAA
d. Tersa Rima Rhyme – ABA BCB CDC
Ex.
The people along the sand
All turn and look one way.
They turn their back on the land.
They look at the sea all day.
Ex.
There, among the Ruby Spires,
Stood I, a-gazing toward the mist,
Red wind cut skin, heaven-kissed,
Far too cold for Hades’ fires.
Ex.
It came in a winter’s night,
a fierce cold with quite a bite.
Frosted wind with all its might
Sent ice and snow an invite
To layer earth in pure white
And glisten with morning light.
Ex.
Elements of Poetry
4. Persona/Speaker/Voice– the
perspective of the voice that talks to the
reader.
- Not necessarily the poet
- Maybe in first person (refers to itself as “I”
or “me”, or in Third Person (he, she, it,
they)
Elements of Poetry
5. Structure– refers to the way in

which the text is set out to the reader.
This includes things like line spacing,
line length, and paragraph size.
Elements of Poetry
6. Figurative Language – is
phrasing that goes beyond the literal
meaning of words to get a message
or point across.
 Simile – a way of describing
something by comparing it with
something else using “like” or “as”.
Ex.
You run like a rabbit.
He is a sneaky as a snake.
 Metaphor – direct comparison of two
unlike things (comparing without
using “like or as”).
Ex.
The girl was a fish in the water.
The clown was a rainbow, colorful and
bright.
 Personification – to describe something
that is not human as if it had human
characteristics.
Ex.
The flower danced in the wind.
The friendly gates welcomed us.
The earth coughed and choked in all of the pollution.
 Hyperbole– the use of exaggeration. It
may be used to evoke strong feelings or
to create a strong impression.
Ex.
I am so hungry, I can eat a horse.
I have told you a million times not to lie.
I am freezing.
 Allusion– it is when an expression makes
reference to something or someone that is
well-known, in order to illuminate
whatever is being discussed.
Ex.
She was a good Samaritan when she helped the
older lady.
He thinks he is a superman.
(DRAMA)
Drama – generally classified into
acts or major divisions.
- Employs point of view but not
apparent and evident in play.
- Uses dialogues which are the words
uttered by the characters.
It uses the traditional
conventions of fiction but has
an additional distinctive
characteristics of being
performed and mounted on
stage.
Elements of Drama
 Plot– the sequence of events.
 Setting – the place and time where and
when the events happen.
 Characters – the persons who inhabit a
story.
 Theme – the central idea or overall
message that the story conveys.
(FICTION)
Fiction – a literature created from
the imagination, not presented as
fact, though it may be based on a
true story or situation. Include the
novel, short story, and novella
Short Story - is a brief artistic
prose form that centers on a
single main incident and
intends to produce a single
dominant impression.
Novel - is an extensive prose
narrative that contains
chapters and interludes.
Development of Plot: Patterns in both
FICTION and DRAMA
 Exposition – introduces the characters and
dramatic situation of the story or play.
 Rising Action – introduces the conflict of
the story or play.
 Climax – introduces the central moment of
crisis that defines the conflict.
Development of Plot: Patterns in both
FICTION and DRAMA
 Falling Action – introduces the aftermath
of conflict (whether resolved or not).
 Resolution – introduces the moment of
insight, discovery, or revelation of the
character after the falling action.
Narrative Devices in both FICTION and
DRAMA
 Foreshadowing – guide or hint of

what is to happen next in the
story.
DRAMA
 Irony – with the intention to

present a difference between
what is imagined will happen and
what actually happens.
DRAMA
 Flashback – utilize to achieve a

dramatic effect or impact on the
readers and audiences.
DRAMA
 Conflict – provides and showcases

the opposing objectives of the
protagonist and the antagonist.
(NON - FICTION)
Non-Fiction – is a broad genre of writing
that encompasses all books that aren’t
rooted in a fictional narrative.
Non-fiction typically aims to present
topics objectively based on historical,
scientific, and empirical information.
(history, biography, journalism etc.)
-end-
Conventional literary genres cannot
depart or be taken away from what we
are today in the 21 century literary
st
genres. The old forms were just

modified , developed, enhanced, made
more creative and artistic using the
contemporary methods or the modern
technologies.
1. Major literary genres
2. Category of Poetry
3. Elements of poetry
4. Elements of drama
5. Patterns of plot development in both
drama and fiction
6. Narrative devices in both drama and fiction
Read the literary text, “Five
brothers, One mother.”
1. What was the main impression that the
author gives of the Marikina house?
2. How did the author compare the current
house and the previous one?
3. Examine the reasons why the author’s
mother would complain about the
messiness of the house, and yet smile
after gatherings.
Write a critical analysis of the
literary text, “Five brothers, One
mother”, cite their elements,
structure and traditions.
You may follow the guidelines in

writing a literary critical analysis.
Assignment
1. Promdi@Manila (Genevieve L. Asenjo)

2. Voice Tape (Ariel S. Tabag)
3. Green Sanctuary (Antonio Enriquez)

4 Lit. Literary Genres Conventional

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

4 Lit. Literary Genres Conventional

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

4 Lit. Literary Genres Conventional

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE

FROM THE PHILIPPINES

 The writer uses carefully chosen

• Visual imagery – what the writer wants

• Auditory imagery – what the writer wants

• Olfactory imagery – what the writer

• Tactile imagery – appeals to the sense of

• Gustatory imagery – appeals to the sense

Ex. A glass pane of our window was

Ex. Michael’s hopes and dreams were

3. Rhyme Scheme – the way the author

5. Structure– refers to the way in

 Foreshadowing – guide or hint of

 Irony – with the intention to

 Flashback – utilize to achieve a

 Conflict – provides and showcases

genres. The old forms were just

You may follow the guidelines in

1. Promdi@Manila (Genevieve L. Asenjo)

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.