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    Pig Operation Systems

    Uploaded by

    Francine Maramag
    Swine Production pdf for Veterinary Students

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Pig Operation Systems

    Uploaded by

    Francine Maramag
    4 views19 pages
    Swine Production pdf for Veterinary Students

    Original Title

    Pig operation systems

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Swine Production pdf for Veterinary Students

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    4 views19 pages

    Pig Operation Systems

    Uploaded by

    Francine Maramag
    Swine Production pdf for Veterinary Students

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Pig Production Systems

    A Pig Farm can be different to many pig enterprises:


    1. Farrow to feeder
    2. Farrow to finisher
    3. Growing finishing
    4. Boar for hire
    5. Farrow to breeder finisher - it is profitable both in terms of net income or profit to
    sales ratio. This system sells breeder stocks for marketing boars, marketing pigs
    and weaners for finishing.
    Profitability depends on the type of pig production system. See Tables a and b for
    comparison from the Journal of Economics, Management & Agricultural Development Vol. 2,
    No. 2.
    1. Farrow to Feeder Operation
    • Own sows and possibly boars
    • Sows farrow
    • Only weanling piglets are sold
    Breeding Systems
    Systems of breeding can be classified into two major groups:
    1. Inbreeding - is the mating of related individuals.
    2. Outbreeding - is that system where unrelated individuals are mated to produce
    the next generation. Outbreeding includes purebreeding and crossbreeding.
    Purebreeding is the mating of unrelated individuals in the same breed.
    Crossbreeding is the mating of individuals from different breeds.
    Crossbreeding
    Crossbreeding is the system of breeding recommended for the production of market
    pigs. Approximately 80 to 90 per cent of market pigs in the country today are
    crossbreds exclusive of the Philippine native pig.
    Crossbreeding is strongly recommended for the production of market pigs for two
    reasons:
    a) to obtain hybrid vigor (heterosis or heterozygosity) which is the
    superiority exhibited by the crossbred individuals over the average of the
    parental breeds, and
    b) to bring together the desirable characteristics of the parental breeds.
    Most of the studies in other countries show that crossbreds are superior to
    purebred animals as far as litter size and weight at birth and at weaning are
    concerned.
    It has been observed that crossbred sows are better mothers than the purebreds.
    Average Advantage of crossbreds over purebreds:
    Two-breed cross. This is the first stage of a crossbreeding
    program. A sow of one breed is mated to a boar of another
    breed. The sow is a pure breed individual, the mothering ability
    or the sow productivity is expected to be similar to that of the
    parental breed. The progenies from the first mating exhibit
    heterosis as far as the traits being evaluated are concerned. The
    female progenies may be bred back to either of the parental
    breeds depending on the crossbreeding program.
    Breed A sow (or gilts) is mated to boars belonging to Breed B to
    produce the F1 crossbreds. The F1 female are bred to boars
    from either one of the parental breeds (Fig 1).
    This is termed backcrossing and the resulting offsprings are
    called backcrosses (F2s).
    The F2 females are bred to boars of the other breed. This is
    called crisscrossing and the offsprings are called crisscrosses
    (F3s).
    The F3 females are mated to the other breed to produce the
    F4s. The two breeds are continuously alternated in the
    breeding program and the whole procedure is called two-breed
    rotational crossbreeding.
    • Three-breed cross. The first step in this system is similar to the two-breed cross. Two breeds are
    mated to produce the F1 crossbreds. Finally, the F1 gilts are mater to a third breed. Depending
    on the traits that are given, emphasis in the selection program and the characteristics of the
    breeds involved, the three-breed cross can be carried out on a rotational basis. That is, the boars
    from the three breeds are rotated to the different crossbred sows (Fig 2).

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