WELCOME TO

PHYSICAL
EDUCATION 9
 PICTURE ANALYSIS
Instructions:
The teacher will show a picture
of different common injuries,
and the student will be identify
what does the picture shows.
DISLOCATION OF FINGER
RICE METHOD
 PHYSICAL EDUCATION 9

BASIC FIRST AID

Learning Objectives:

Identify common injuries experienced by individual, athletes and

officials;

Performs appropriate first aid for injuries and emergency situations

in physical activity and sports settings (e.g. cramps, sprain, heat

exhaustion);

Appreciate the importance of knowing Basic First Aid;

WHAT IS FIRST AID?
-It refers to emergency or immediate care you should provide

when a person is injured or ill until full medical treatment is

available.

-For monitor conditions,First aid care may be enough for

serious problems.firts aid care should be continued until

 The three Objectives in First Aid
TO SAVE LIVES:

One of the first factors that need to be taken into account is whether the airways of

the injured person are blocked.If the airways are blocked,clearing the blockage

should be the immediate concern because without oxygen,brain damage will happen

within 4 minutes.

TO PREVENT INJURIES:

The first aider needs to survey the area and remove the injured individually away

from the any objects that may be hazardous.

TO PROMOTE RECOVERY:

Try to help fix,not worsen,the injuries as best as you can.

PREVENTION
Perform warm up exercises before and cool down
exercises after the activity. Injuries can be
prevented. Listen to your body. Use proper
equipment and correct techniques.
Use common sense to prevent injury in everyday
life. Don’t carry heavy objects. Watchyour step.
Keep your place safe
 R.I.C.E. METHOD
✔ Rest – Rest the sprained or strained area especially for the
first 24-48 hours.Avoid any activity that causes pain or makes it
worse.
✔ Ice – Ice for 20 minutes every hour.Never put ice directly
against the skin or it may damage the skin,Use a thin towel for
protection.
✔ Compression – Compress by wrapping an elastic bandage or
sleeve lightly around the joint or limb and take the bandage off a
t night.
✔ Elevation – Elavate the area above hearth level if possible.It
drains fluid from injured tissues.
Common Injuries Encountered by Officials and Athlete

Heat Exhaustion

Is a response to heat characterized by fatigue,

weakness and collapse due to inadequate intake
of water to compensate for loss of fluids during
sweating.
Sprain
Is caused by stretched or torn fibers in
a ligament. Sprains are caused by
trauma such as a fall or blow of the
body that knocks a joint out position.
Swelling and bruising are some signs
and symptoms
 Strain
Is a twist, pull or tear of a
muscle or tendon. Symptoms
of a strain include pain, muscle
spasm and loss of strength.
 HOME TREATMENT for SPRAINS and STRAINS
Minor sprains and strains can be treated at home using the following measures:

✔ Apply the R.I.C.E. method.

✔ Do not apply heat during the first two days as this will only increase
swelling.
✔ Use paracetamol for the first day of the injury, to reduce pain without
increasing bleeding.
✔ Apply arnica oil to reduce swelling.
✔ Remove rings immediately if the injury is to the hand or fingers.
✔ After 48 hours, start moving the limb gently, but only enough not to
cause pain
✔ Gradually increase the range of movement – let pain be your guide.
Knee Injuries
Can result from blows or twists to
the knees from improper landing
after a jump or from running too
hard without warm up,too much
or without proper warm up.
 First aid for Knee Injuries
-Stop your activity immediately.Don’t work through the pain
-Rest the joint at first
-Reduce pain ,swelling and internal bleeding with icepacks,applied for
15 minutes every couple of hours.
-Bandage the knee firmly and extend the wrapping down the lower leg
-Elevate the injured leg
-Don’t apply heat to the joint
-Avoid alcohol,as this encourages bleeding and swelling
-Don’t massage the joint,as this encourages bleeding and swelling.
Fracture
is a break in the bone that can occur
from either a quick, one time injury
to the bone[acute fracture]or from
repeated stress to the bone over time
[stress fracture].
Dislocation
When the two bones come together to
form a joint that becomes separated.
Dislocation is most common in shoulders
and fingers,other sites include
elbows,knees and hips.A dislocated joint
can be visibly deformed or out of
place,swollen or discoloured,intensely
paintful and immovable.
HOME TREATMENT for FRACTURES/ DISLOCATIONS
✔ Apply the R.I.C.E. method.
✔ Keep the limb in the position you found it and place soft padding around the broken
bones.
✔ Splint the injury with something rigid, such as rolled up newspaper or magazines,to
prevent the bones from shifting.
✔ Splints must be long enough to extend beyond joints above and below the fracture.
✔ If there is an open fracture, cover it with a clean gauze pad. Apply pressure
to control bleeding.
✔ Do not try to push the bone back into the wound and do not attempt to clean it.
✔ Get medical attention immediately.
✔ Fractures of the femur and pelvis may cause severe internal bleeding.
✔ Do not give the person anything to eat or drink in case surgery is needed.
TEST YOURSELF
• The class will be divided into 6 groups . The teacher
will give a scenario about an accident and ask a
question about first aid.

• The output should be written in a ½

Crosswise.Enumerate your steps.

•  The students should be able to finish the activity

under 10-15minutes
Then you will be guided by this criteria:
Excellent5 Verygood4 Good3 points Satisfactory2 N/A1 point
points points points
Identify the steps Enumerate the Enumerate the Identify the Identify the Not able to enumerate
steps with steps and explain situation and situations and the steps and gives
confidence and prevention/first show steps in show steps in confusion to the
emphasizing aid performing first performing first audiences.
correct aid/prevention aid/prevention
prevention and but there is
first aid lacking
Performance Showed with Showed proper Showed proper Showed proper Not able toshare proper
confidence and techniques and techniques and techniques but techniques or identify
proper was able to performedd fisrt missing some victim needs
techniques and identify victim’s aid as required steps
was able to problem
identify victim’s immediately.
problem
immediately.
Language The language use The language use The language use The language and Language are
appropriate with no errors and no errors and panctuations are inappropriately use,
no errors and wrong grammars wrong grammars use but there was wrong grammars are
wrong grammars enough to lacking seen as well as the
and confidently understand by improperuse of
deliver it in front the audiences panctuations and
of the class delivery.
THANK
YOU!
NUTRITION
AND WEIGHT
MANAGEMENT
Nutrition and Weight
When you consume basically the same
number of calories as you expend,your body
weight remains relatively stable.If you want to
gain weight,you must manipulate this balance
between calories consumed and calories
expended.
 NUTRITION

Nutrition is the study of food and how

it works in your body. Nutrition includes
all the stuff that's in your food, such as
vitamins, protein, fat, and more. It's
important to eat a variety of foods,
including fruits, vegetables, dairy
products, and grains, so you have what
 Weight
Weight is the amount or quantity of
heaviness or mass and amount a thing
weights. Physics the force that gravitation
exerts upon a body, equal to the mass of
the body times the local acceleration of
gravity commonly taken, in a region of
 Gaining Weight
Some people have difficulty in gaining
weight.This can be a results of a higher than
normal basal metabolic rate or higher physical
activity level.When weight gain is a goal,the
focus is on gaining muscle and not fat
weight.To do this is a healthy way,you should
consume more frequent meals with heavy
snacks.
 Losing Weight
I

Weight loss is a more common goal

that weight gain.Losing weight
involves negative energy balance.This
can be achieved by increasing
exercise and decreasing caloric intake.
 I

DETERMINING
THE CALORIE
NEEDS
What is Calorie
I

A calorie is defined as the heat required to raise

the temperature of 1 gram of water and 1
degree Celsius.Because this is relatively small
amount,scientists use larger unit Calories
{Upper case C}also called a kilocalorie
{abbreviated Kcal}.The calorie or kilocalorie,is
1,000 calories.
What is TEE?
I

The total energy expenditure {TEE] is the total

number of calories your body needs on a daily
basis and is determined by the following.

-Your basal methabolic rate {BMR]

-The thermic effect of food {also known as dietary-
induced thermogenesis}
-The thermic effect of your physical activity
 I

Basal Metabolic Rate [BMR]

Basal metabolic rate is defined as the energy required to
maintain your body at rest.To precisely determine your
BMR,you would need to fast from 8-12 hours and then
undergo a laboratory test in which you sit quietly for about 30
minutes while the air you exhale is analyzed.This determines
how many calories you are burning at rest.Basal Matabolic
rate is 60% to 75%of the total energy
expenditure.Typically,The larger and more muscular the
person is,the higher the BMR is.
The Thermic Effect of food

The thermic effect of food is the energy required to

digest and absorb food.The thermic effect is
measured in a similar way as BMR ,although the
measurement time is usually about four hours after
you consumed a meal.The thermic effect of food is
10% to 15%of your total energy expenditure.
The Thermic effect of physical
I

activity
The thermic effect of activity is the
amount of energy required for physical
activity it can be measured in a
laboratory when you are exercising on a
stationary bike or treadmill.
 I

Maximizing food consumption

Consuming an appropriate number of calories
and foods from various categories results in
optimal nutrition.The table below shows and
age specify daily calories and serving size
recommendation for
grains,Fruits,vegetable,and ,milk and dairy
items for girls and boys.
I
Managing your Weight
Establishing or maintaining a healthy body
weight requires an understanding of how
the body uses food to provide energy.In
additions,when weight loss is desired, a
plan of action in needed for long term
success.
Energy Balance
Understanding the concept of energy balance {EB}
is critical if you want to understand how
body,weight is regulated in human beings.EB in its
simplest form simply compares the amount of
energy consumed as food with the amount of
energy expended through the combinations of
resting metabolism,activities,of daily living,and
voluntary physical activities.
Estimating Calorie Needs
I
ENHANCING
YOUR SPORTS
OFFICIATING SKILLS
This self-learning module will help the learners
to display and enhance their skills in sports
officiating.They will be able to understand the
benefits sports officiating to their fitness and well
being .As you go on with the lesson,is hoped
that you may be able to use your knowledge in
officiating in extending services to your
community during sponsored games and
tournaments.
What is your idea
about sports
officiating?
QUALITIES
OF AN
OFFICIATING
OFFICIALS 1.PHYSICAL QUALITIES
2.EMOTIOANAL QUALITIES
3.MENTAL QUALITIES
4.SOCIAL QUALITIES
PHYSICAL QUALITIES
Refer to the physical attributes of an
officiating official.He needs to have a high
level of fitness to be able to perform his
job and to catch up with every detail of
what the atlhletes or players do on court.
Physical Fitness
Physical fitness is the capacity of an individual to perform his or her daily tasks
without undue fatigue and still has extra energy for recreation and
emergencies.One must work on elevating his own level of fitness if he or she
has to perform better in his chosen filed of endeavor.Several ways to determine
one’s fitness which are basis in improving include.

-Body Mass Index

-PMHR and THR [Personal Maximal Hearth Rate and training Hearth Rate}
-Fitness or exercise program
-Nutrition and weight management
EMOTIONAL QUALITIES
Refer to the emotional readiness of an
official to perform his/her role in a
game.Emotional attributes that an
officiating official should possess include
confidence.It is having belief in one’s self.
 MENTAL QUALITIES

Mental toughness is the term used to refer to all of

the qualities pertaining to one’s mental preparation
in officiating a game.to be mentally tough requires
one to stay focused,regulate one’s
performance,ability to handle pressure,awareness
and control of thoughts and feeling and one’s
command and control of the environment.
SOCIAL QUALITIES

Refer to the ability to deal with others at

any given situation.Complaints are
inevitable in a game.It is the ability of an
officiating official to settle disputes without
sacrificing the integrity of a game and the
officiating team.