Multiply and Divide Monomials

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Warm Up
Identify the coefficient.

1. 2.

3. 4.

5. The radius of Earth is approximately 4,000 miles.

The radius of Saturn is approximately 36,000 miles.
How many times greater is the radius of Saturn than
the radius of Earth?

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Warm Up
Identify the coefficient.

1. 2 2. −6

3. −1 4. 15

5. The radius of Earth is approximately 4,000 miles.

The radius of Saturn is approximately 36,000 miles.
How many times greater is the radius of Saturn than
the radius of Earth? 9 times greater

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Standards for Mathematical Content

8.EE.A.1
Know and apply the properties of integer exponents to generate
equivalent numerical expressions.

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Standards for Mathematical Practice

MP1 Make sense of problems and persevere in solving

them.
MP2 Reason abstractly and quantitatively.
MP3 Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning
of others.
MP4 Model with mathematics.
MP6 Attend to precision.
MP7 Look for and make use of structure.
MP8 Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning.
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Lesson Goal

Students will use Laws of Exponents to multiply and

divide monomials.

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Learn
Monomials

A monomial is a number, a variable, or a product of a

number and one or more variables. For example, is a
monomial since it is a product of 6 and . The expression
is not a monomial since it is a sum of two monomials.
When addition or subtraction signs separate an algebraic
expression into parts, each part is called a term. A
monomial only has one term. The expression is a sum of
two monomials and therefore not a monomial itself
because it has two terms.

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Learn
Monomials

Write each expression in the appropriate bin. An example

of each type is given.
x 80

Monomials Not Monomials

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Learn
Products as Powers

Watch the Go Online animation to simplify the product of

powers with the same base.
For example, to simplify the animation shows to:
Step 1 Write as a product of 2 factors.
Step 2 Write as a product of 3 factors.

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Learn
Products as Powers

2 factors 3 factors

4 ∙ 4 =⏞4 ∙ 4 )∙ ⏞
(⏟
2 3
( 4 ∙ 4 ∙ 4)
5 factors

There are 5 common factors all together, so the

product is

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Learn
Products as Powers

Notice that the sum of the exponents of the original

powers is the exponent in the final product.

2 3 2+3
4 ∙ 4 =4
You can multiply powers with the same base by
adding the exponents.

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Learn
Products as Powers

You can simplify a product of powers with like bases

using the Product of Powers Property. The group of
integer exponent properties, including the Product of
Powers Property, is called the Laws of Exponents.

Words Algebra
To multiply powers
with the same base, Numbers
add their exponents.

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Learn
Products as Powers

Talk About It!

When simplifying a product of powers using
the Product of Powers Property, why do the
bases have to be the same? For example,
why can't you use the Product of Powers
Property to simplify ?

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Example 1
Multiply Numerical Powers

Simplify

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Example 1
Multiply Numerical Powers

Think About It!

How will the Product of Powers Property help
you simplify the expression?

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Example 1
Multiply Numerical Powers

Product of Powers Property

Add the exponents. Simplify.

So,

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Example 1
Multiply Numerical Powers

Talk About It!

Describe another method you can use to simplify the
expression.

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Example 1
Multiply Numerical Powers

Check
Simplify the expression

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Example 1
Multiply Numerical Powers

Check
5
Simplify the expression 4 ∨65,536

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Example 2
Multiply Algebraic Powers

Simplify

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Example 2
Multiply Algebraic Powers

Product of Powers Property

Simplify.

So,

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Example 2
Multiply Algebraic Powers

Talk About It!

Explain why you were able to add the exponents to
simplify the expression

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Example 2
Multiply Algebraic Powers

Check
Simplify the expression

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Example 2
Multiply Algebraic Powers

Check
10
Simplify the expression 𝑥

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Example 3
Multiply Monomials

Simplify

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Example 3
Multiply Monomials

Think About It!

When you multiply the two monomials, what
will you do with the coefficients?

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Example 3
Multiply Monomials

Definition of coefficient
Commutative and Associative Property
Multiply the coefficients.
Product of Powers Property
Simplify.

So,

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Example 3
Multiply Monomials

Talk About It!

When simplifying the expression, why were the
coefficients multiplied but the exponents added?

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Example 3
Multiply Monomials

Check
Simplify the expression

A. 1 𝑎 5 C. 6 𝑎5

B. −1 𝑎 4 D. −6 𝑎5

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Example 3
Multiply Monomials

Check
Simplify the expression D

A. 1 𝑎 5 C. 6 𝑎5

B. −1 𝑎 4 D. −6 𝑎5

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Learn
Quotient of Powers

Watch the Go Online animation to learn how to simplify

the quotient of powers with the same base.
For example, to simplify the animation shows to:
Step 1 Write as a product of 6 factors.
Step 2 Write as a product of 2 factors.
Step 3 Divide out common factors and simplify.

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Learn
Quotient of Powers

Four factors of 3 remain in the numerator and 1 in the

denominator, so the quotient is

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Learn
Quotient of Powers

Notice that the difference of the exponents of the original

powers is the exponent in the final quotient.

6
3 6−2
2
=3
3
You can divide powers with the same base by
subtracting the exponents.

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Learn
Quotient of Powers

You can simplify a quotient of powers with like bases

using the Quotient of Powers Property.

Words Algebra
To divide powers with
the same base, subtract Numbers
their exponents.

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Learn
Quotient of Powers

Talk About It!

When simplifying a quotient of powers using the
Quotient of Powers Property, why do the bases have to
be the same? For example, why can't you use the
Quotient of Powers Property to simplify

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Example 4
Divide Algebraic Powers

Simplify

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Example 4
Divide Algebraic Powers

Quotient of Powers Property

Subtract the exponents.

So,

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Example 4
Divide Algebraic Powers

Talk About It!

Describe another method you could use to simplify the
expression.

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Example 4
Divide Algebraic Powers

Check
Simplify the expression

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Example 4
Divide Algebraic Powers

Check
Simplify the expression 𝑧
8

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Example 5
Divide Powers

Hawaii’s total shoreline is about miles long. New

Hampshire’s shoreline is about miles long.

About how many times longer is Hawaii’s

shoreline than New Hampshire’s?

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Example 5
Divide Powers

Think About It!

What operation will you perform to find how many
times longer one shoreline is than the other?

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Example 5
Divide Powers

To determine how many times longer Hawaii’s shoreline is

than New Hampshire’s, divide their lengths.

Quotient of Powers Property

Subtract the exponents.
Simplify.

So, Hawaii’s shoreline is about 8 times longer than New

Hampshire’s shoreline.

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Example 5
Divide Powers

Talk About It!

Alaska’s shoreline is about miles long. Explain
why you could not use the Quotient of Powers
Property to simplify the expression to find out
how many times longer Alaska’s shoreline is than
New Hampshire’s.

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Example 5
Divide Powers
Check
The table shows the seating capacity of two different facilities. About
how many times as great is the capacity of Madison Square Garden
in New York City than a typical movie theater?
Place Seating Capacity
Movie Theater
Madison Square Garden
5
A. 3 ∨64׿ 4
C. 3 ∨243׿
4 14
B. 3 ∨81× ¿ D. 3 ∨ 4,782,969׿
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Example 5
Divide Powers
Check
The table shows the seating capacity of two different facilities. About
how many times as great is the capacity of Madison Square Garden
in New York City than a typical movie theater? B
Place Seating Capacity
Movie Theater
Madison Square Garden

5
A. 3 ∨64׿ 4
C. 3 ∨243׿
4 14
B. 3 ∨81× ¿ D. 3 ∨ 4,782,969׿
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Example 6
Divide Numerical Powers

Simplify

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Example 6
Divide Numerical Powers

Group by common base.

Quotient of Powers Property.
Subtract the exponents.
Evaluate the powers.
Simplify.

So,

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Example 6
Divide Numerical Powers

Talk About It!

Why is it important to group terms by their
common base(s)?

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Example 6
Divide Numerical Powers

Check
Simplify the expression

A. 2 ∙ 32 ∙ 4 C. 22 ∙ 32 ∙ 4

B. 2 ∙ 33 ∙ 4 D. 22 ∙ 33 ∙ 4

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Example 6
Divide Numerical Powers

Check
Simplify the expression A

A. 2 ∙ 32 ∙ 4 C. 22 ∙ 32 ∙ 4

B. 2 ∙ 33 ∙ 4 D. 22 ∙ 33 ∙ 4

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Example 7
Divide Monomials

Simplify

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Example 7
Divide Monomials

Think About It!

How can you begin solving the problem?

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Example 7
Divide Monomials

Associative Property
Divide the coefficients.
Quotient of Powers Property.
Subtract the exponents.

So,

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Example 7
Divide Monomials

Talk About It!

Why were the coefficients divided, but the exponents
subtracted?

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Example 7
Divide Monomials

Check
Simplify the expression

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Example 7
Divide Monomials

Check
Simplify the expression 4𝑘
4

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Apply
Computer Science

The processing speed of a certain computer is

instructions per second. A second computer has a
processing speed that is times as fast as the first
computer. A third computer has a processing speed of
instructions per second. Which computer has the
fastest processing speed?

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Apply
Computer Science

Talk About It!

How did understanding the Laws of Exponents help
you solve the problem?

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Apply
Computer Science

Check
Bolivia has a population of people, while the population of Aruba
is people. The Philippines has a population that is times greater
than Aruba’s population. Which statement is true about the
population of the three countries?
A. Aruba has the least population.
B. Bolivia has the greatest population.
C. The Philippines has the least population.
D. Bolivia and the Philippines have the same population.
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Apply
Computer Science

Check
Bolivia has a population of people, while the population of Aruba
is people. The Philippines has a population that is times greater
than Aruba’s population. Which statement is true about the
population of the three countries? A
A. Aruba has the least population.
B. Bolivia has the greatest population.
C. The Philippines has the least population.
D. Bolivia and the Philippines have the same population.
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Exit Ticket

A comet is an object in space consisting of ice and

dust left over from the formation of stars and planets.
The speed of comet can vary, but some comets have
been known to travel over 1 million miles per hour.
Suppose a comet is traveling miles per hour. How
long does it take for the comet to travel miles? Explain
your reasoning.

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Exit Ticket

A comet is an object in space consisting of ice and dust

left over from the formation of stars and planets.
The speed of comet can vary, but some comets have
been known to travel over 1 million miles per hour.
Suppose a comet is traveling miles per hour. How long
does it take for the comet to travel miles? Explain your
reasoning.
hours; Sample answer: hours

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