RRL Citations 1

CITATIO
N OF
SOURCE
S
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Revie
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PLAGIARISM
Plagiarism cases have been rapidly
increasing in the academe. Using
citations will not exactly prevent
plagiarism but they can be used to
lesson the impact of plagiarism by
giving credit to the original writers.
What is a
citation?
a quotation from or
reference to a book,
paper, or author,
especially in a
scholarly work.
MLA
Modern Language APA
American Psychological
Association
Association
 Humanities and related
 Social sciences (i.e.
areas (i.e. literature)
psychology, sociology, and
 Focuses on authorship:
linguistics)
“…(Smith and  Focuses on date of
Johnson)”
publication: “…(Smith &
 Format is designed for
Johnson, 2009)”
ease of presentation  Format is designed for
 Often viewed as
comparison of research
“easier” to follow by
and determining relevance
students  Often thought of as more
 Commonly taught first
difficult by students
to students
Chicago Manual
Style (CMS)
 It is mostly used in publishing
industry.
 It has guides for correct
grammar, documentation, and
publishing.
Basic of MLA Citation
 Name(s) of author(s)
 Work title
 Publication city and
year
 Publisher
 Publication medium
(i.e. print, web)
Basic of APA Citation
 Name(s) of author(s)
 Publication year
 Work title
 Publication city
 Publisher
Example
Johnson, Thomas. Studies in College. New York:

MLA McGraw-Hill, 2003. Print.
APA Johnson, T. (2003). Studies in college. New York:

McGraw-Hill.
In-text
Citations
Paraphrase
As stated by Johnson and Maiden, the

MLA research showed that there was…
As stated in Johnson & Maiden (2003),

APA the research showed that…
Quote (incorporation in text)
As Johnson and Maiden explained,

MLA their “study…classes” (34).
As Johnson & Maiden (2003) explained, their

APA “study…classes” (p. 34).
Quote (no incorporation in text)
“…in language classes” (Johnson and

MLA Maiden 34)
“…in language classes” (Johnson & Maiden,

APA 2003, p. 34)
In-text
Citations
An in-text citation is
the brief form of the
reference that you
include in the body of
your work. It gives
enough information
to uniquely identify
the source in your
reference list.
In-text citations are
used when you need
In-text
to give credit to an
author for using a
Citations
quote (exact
wording),
paraphrasing
(rewording), or
discussing his/her
ideas.
Example: (Mathis
and Jones, 2009, pg.
74)
Bibliography
/ References
 Bibliography
a list of the books
referred to in a
scholarly work,
typically printed as
an appendix.
 a list of the books of
a specific author or
publisher, or on a
specific subject.
Book
Reference
s
Side by Side Comparison
MLA APA
Johnson, Johnson, T.
Thomas. Studies (2003). Studies
in College. New in college. New
York: McGraw- York, NY:
Hill, 2003. Print McGraw-Hill.
Book MLA (Format)
Last name, First name. Title of Work.

MLA City of Pub: Publisher, Year. Medium.
Johnson, Thomas. Studies in

College. New York: McGraw-Hill,
2003. Print
Book APA (Format)
Last name, First Initial. (Year). Title of

APA work. City of Pub, State: Publisher
Johnson, T. (2003). Studies in

college. New York, NY: McGraw-
Hill.
Journal
Articles
Side by Side Comparison
MLA APA
Smith, Linda. Smith, L. (2007).

“Students in Students in
Danger.” New danger. New
England Journal of England Journal of
Student Student Progress,
Progress 7.2 7(2), 142-154.
(2007): 142-154.
Article MLA (Format)
Last name, First name. “Title of

MLA Work.” Journal Title Volume.Issue
(Year): page numbers. Medium
Smith, Linda. “Students in Danger.” New

England Journal of Student Progress 7.2
(2007): 142-154. Print.
Article APA (Format)
Last name, First Initial. (Year). Title of

APA work. Journal Title, Volume(Issue),
page numbers.
Smith, L. (2007). Students in

danger. New England Journal of
Student Progress, 7(2), 142-154.
Online
Reference
s
Online Reference MLA (Format)
Author. Title of Site. Sponsor, Date

MLA created (use n.d. if not given).
Medium. Date accessed. <URL
(optional)/>.
Department of Enrollment Management. 2013
Fall Term Comparison. University of
Houston-Clear Lake, 24 Oct. 2013. Web. 21
Oct. 2014.
Online Reference APA (Format)
Author. (Year, Month[use n.d. if not

APA given]). Article or page sub-title.
Major Publication Title, volume or
issue number (if available). Retrieved
from http://url.
Department of Enrollment Management. (2013). 2013
Fall Term Comparison. Enrollment Management
2013 Reports. Retrieved from
http://prtl.uhcl.edu/portal/page/portal/PRV/Enrollment-
Management/images/Enrollment%20and%20SCH-Fall
%2013%202-Yr%2010242013
%20final.pdf
Learnin
g
Activity
It is used in subject
matters related to
social sciences
(psychology,
sociology)
A APA Documentation
Style
B MLA Documentation
Style
It focuses on the date
of publication.
A APA Documentation
Style
B MLA Documentation
Style
It is used in subject
matters related to
humanities (literature)
A APA Documentation
Style
B MLA Documentation
Style
It focuses on
authorship.
A APA Documentation
Style
B MLA Documentation
Style
It focuses on the
comparison of
research and
determining
relevance.
A APA Documentation
Style
B MLA Documentation
Style
One study found that the
most important element in
comprehending non-native
speech is familiarity with
the topic (Gass & Varonis,
1984)
A APA Documentation
Style
B MLA Documentation
Style
Research shows that
listening to a particular
accent improves
comprehension of accented
speech in general (Gass and
Varonis 143; Thomas 24)
A APA Documentation
Style
B MLA Documentation
Style
Research shows that
listening to a particular
accent improves
comprehension of accented
speech in general (Gass &
Varonis, 1984; Krech
A
Thomas, 2004) APA Documentation
Style
B MLA Documentation
Style
One study found that “the
listener's familiarity with
the topic of discourse
greatly facilitates the
interpretation of the entire
message” (Gass & Varonis,
A
1984, p. 85) APA Documentation
Style
B MLA Documentation
Style
One study found that “the
listener's familiarity with
the topic of discourse
greatly facilitates the
interpretation of the entire
message” (Gass and Varonis
85). A APA Documentation
Style
B MLA Documentation
Style
Write bibliography on the
following text:
Author: J.K Rowling

Title: Harry Potter and the
Philosopher's Stone
Copyright Date: 1997
Place and Publisher: London: Bloomsbury
Meduim: Print
Write bibliography on the
following text:
Author: Malala Yousafzai

Title: Nobel Lecture
Date: 2014
Online Source:
http://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2014/
yousafzai/26047-Malala-yousafzai-nobel-
lecture-2014/
Paraphrase and
acknowledge the source.
Aspirin may be the most familiar drug

in the world – but its power to heal
goes far beyond the usual aches and
pains. Exciting new studies suggest
that aspirin can help a fight a wide
range of serious illnesses.
-The Reader’s Digest, April 2000
Thank
You

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CITATIO

Johnson, Thomas. Studies in College. New York:

APA Johnson, T. (2003). Studies in college. New York:

As stated by Johnson and Maiden, the

As stated in Johnson & Maiden (2003),

As Johnson and Maiden explained,

As Johnson & Maiden (2003) explained, their

“…in language classes” (Johnson and

“…in language classes” (Johnson & Maiden,

Last name, First name. Title of Work.

Johnson, Thomas. Studies in

Last name, First Initial. (Year). Title of

Johnson, T. (2003). Studies in

Smith, Linda. Smith, L. (2007).

Last name, First name. “Title of

Smith, Linda. “Students in Danger.” New

Last name, First Initial. (Year). Title of

Smith, L. (2007). Students in

Author. Title of Site. Sponsor, Date

Author. (Year, Month[use n.d. if not

Author: J.K Rowling

Author: Malala Yousafzai

Aspirin may be the most familiar drug

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