Moats Ch02 Session 3
Moats Ch02 Session 3
Moats Ch02 Session 3
TOPICS
• What is a vowel?
• How many vowels in English?
• Organization of the vowel chart
• Vowel sound identification in spoken words
Speech to Print: Language Essentials for Teachers, Third Edition by Louisa Cook Moats. Copyright © 2020 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights
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Be Prepared
• Cut out or make vowel phoneme tiles for manipulation, as you create your
own vowel chart.
• Choose if you are working with phonic symbols or IPA. IPA is recommended
for deepest learning.
Speech to Print: Language Essentials for Teachers, Third Edition by Louisa Cook Moats. Copyright © 2020 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights 2
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Why Teach Phonemes Explicitly? We “Map” Words to
Long-Term Memory, Sound by Sound, to Read and Spell
/red/ /haz/
comb
Speech to Print: Language Essentials for Teachers, Third Edition by Louisa Cook Moats. Copyright © 2020 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights 4
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Vowel Phonemes in Minimally
Contrasting Words
beet
( butte)
bit
boot
bait put
boy bet boat burr
bow bar
bat bought
bore
bite butt
Speech to Print: Language Essentials for Teachers, Third Edition by Louisa Cook Moats. Copyright © 2020 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights 5
reserved.
Dialect Differences May Be Quite
Extreme
How do you say these words? Are there regional differences in vowel
pronunciation according to your “home” dialect?
wash about
park Australia
pin New Zealand
oil South Africa
bought
Speech to Print: Language Essentials for Teachers, Third Edition by Louisa Cook Moats. Copyright © 2020 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights 6
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Isolate and Say the Vowel Sound in
Each Word
wash _______ buy ______
star _____ piece ____
freight ______ gym _____
sung _______ toy _____
bought ________ put______
Speech to Print: Language Essentials for Teachers, Third Edition by Louisa Cook Moats. Copyright © 2020 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights 7
reserved.
Vowel Sounds of English, Phonic
Symbols, by Position of Tongue
(Front/Back; High/Low)
ǝ
yu
Speech to Print: Language Essentials for Teachers, Third Edition by Louisa Cook Moats. Copyright © 2020 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights 8
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IPA (Phonetic) Symbols
i
ɪ
u yu
e ə ʊ
ɛ o Ɛr
ɔi æ ɔ ar
ai ʌ or
æw
Speech to Print: Language Essentials for Teachers, Third Edition by Louisa Cook Moats. Copyright © 2020 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights 9
reserved.
Vowel Groupings
• Front, unrounded vowels: i ɪ e ɛ æ ai a
• Back, rounded vowels: ɔ o ʊ u yu
• Diphthongs: ɔi æw (and technically, ai)
• Low, open (unrounded) vowels: a ʌ
• Tense (long) vowels: i e ai o u yu
• Lax (short) vowels: ɪ ɛ æ a ʌ ɔ ʊ
Speech to Print: Language Essentials for Teachers, Third Edition by Louisa Cook Moats. Copyright © 2020 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights 10
reserved.
Vowel + r Combinations
• /ɛr/ is a completely welded sound with no division between the vowel and /r/.
• /ar/ and /or/ are partially welded but will be treated as single vowel sounds
when we count sounds or map sounds to symbols.
• Long vowel + /r/ combinations, as in mare, fear, or fire, have a clearly audible
division between the vowel and /r/, and those combinations will be counted as
two phonemes.
Speech to Print: Language Essentials for Teachers, Third Edition by Louisa Cook Moats. Copyright © 2020 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights 11
reserved.
Exercise 2.8, Minimal Pair Distinctions
Speech to Print: Language Essentials for Teachers, Third Edition by Louisa Cook Moats. Copyright © 2020 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights 13
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Phonetic Transcription, Exercise 2.9
• Write your name using phonetic symbols.
• Using IPA tiles or phonic tiles, reproduce the sounds in the words of the
exercise.
• Translate the passage written in IPA.
• Memorize the charts and reconstruct them using your tiles or paper and
pencil.
Speech to Print: Language Essentials for Teachers, Third Edition by Louisa Cook Moats. Copyright © 2020 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights 14
reserved.
Five “Pure” Vowels in Spanish
i
ɪ
u yu
e ə ʊ
ɛ o Ɛr
ɔi æ ɔ ar
ai ʌ or
æw
Speech to Print: Language Essentials for Teachers, Third Edition by Louisa Cook Moats. Copyright © 2020 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights 15
reserved.
Looking Ahead: Teaching Vowel
Awareness for Reading and Spelling
• Teach the identity of each vowel sound, using the vowel chart
• Have children produce phonemes clearly
• Use mirrors, mouth pictures
• Introduce a key word for each
• Introduce spellings (graphemes) one at a time until children know at least
one major spelling for each vowel
• Add in other spellings gradually
Speech to Print: Language Essentials for Teachers, Third Edition by Louisa Cook Moats. Copyright © 2020 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights 16
reserved.
Summary, Chapter 2
• Consonants and vowels are SOUNDS, not letters.
• They are distinguished by place and manner of articulation.
• Phonemes are vocal/mouth formations as well as sounds we hear.
• Consonants are closed sounds, vowels are open sounds.
• Phonemes are elusive because they are buried in the continuous stream of
speech.
• Phonemes are abstract categories of sound (to be explored further in Chapter
3).
Speech to Print: Language Essentials for Teachers, Third Edition by Louisa Cook Moats. Copyright © 2020 by Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Inc. All rights 17
reserved.
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