CGIP Mod1 PPT 1 (Intro, Applications)

Computer Graphics & IMAGE
PROCESSING
CST304
Module - 1 Part - 1
■Introduction to Computer Graphics
■Applications
■ TEXT BOOK:
COMPUTER GRAPHICS – DONALD HEARN & M. PAULINE
BAKER
Module – 1
(Basics of Computer Graphics and Algorithms)
⮚Basics of Computer Graphics and its Applications
⮚Video Display devices-
Refresh Cathode Ray Tubes
Random Scan Displays and systems
Raster Scan Displays and systems
⮚Line Drawing algorithms-
DDA Line algorithm
Bresenham’s Line algorithm
⮚Circle Drawing algorithms-
Midpoint Circle generation algorithm
Bresenham’s Circle algorithm
The Origins of Computer Graphics
■William Fetter coined term “computer graphics” in
1960 to describe new design methods.
■Created a series of widely reproduced images on pen
plotter, using 3D model of human body.
■Computer graphics is all these - managed and
documented technology directed toward
communicating information accurately and
descriptively.”
What is Computer Graphics?
■ Imaging = representing 2D images
■ Modeling = representing 3D objects
■ Rendering = constructing 2D images from 3D models
■ Animation = simulating changes over time
What is Computer Graphics?
■Creation, Manipulation and Storage of geometric
objects (modeling) & their images (rendering)
■Display those images on screens or hardcopy devices
■Such models come from diverse and expanding set of
fields including physical, mathematical, art, biological,
and even conceptual (abstract) structures
Applications of Computer Graphics
■Computer Aided Design (CAD)
■Presentation Graphics
■Computer Art
■Entertainment (animation, games, …)
■Education & Training (Simulation)
■Visualization (scientific & business)
■Image Processing
■Graphical User Interfaces
1.Computer Aided Design (CAD)
◻ Used in design of buildings, automobiles, aircraft,
watercraft, spacecraft, computers, textiles & many
other products
◻ Objects are displayed in wire frame outline form
◻ Software packages provide multi-window
environment
(CAD / CAM)
Computer graphics has had a dramatic impact on
the design and engineering process
❑ Architectural design
Architecture, Engineering, Construction
❑ Product Design
Final product appearance
■Graphics design package provides standard
shapes (useful for repeated placements)
■Animations are also used in CAD applications
■Realistic displays of architectural design permits
simulated “walk” through the rooms (virtual-reality
systems)
2.Presentation Graphics
■Used to produce illustrations for reports or generate
slides for use with projectors
■Commonly used to summarize financial, statistical,
mathematical, scientific, economic data for research
reports, managerial reports & customer information
bulletins
■Examples: Bar charts, line graphs, pie charts,
surface graphs, time charts,etc.
Examples of presentation graphics
3.Computer Art
■Used in fine art & commercial art
◻Includes artist’s paintbrush programs, paint
packages, CAD packages and animation packages
◻These packages provides facilities for designing
object shapes & specifying object motions.
◻Examples: Cartoon drawings, paintings, product
advertisements, logo design, etc.
Examples: Computer Art
Computer Art
Digital Painting
Sketch-Based Modeling
Computer Art
■Electronic painting
◻ Picture painted electronically on a graphics tablet
(digitizer) using a stylus
◻ Cordless, pressure sensitive stylus
■Morphing
◻ A graphics method in which one object is
transformed into another
Example: Morphing
4.Entertainment
■Movie Industry
◻Used in motion pictures, music videos,
and television shows.
◻Used in making of cartoon animation films
Slide information from Leonard McMillian's slides

http://www.cs.unc.edu/~mcmillan/comp136/Lecture1/
compgraf.html
Movie Industry
Computer Graphics is about animation (films)
■Game Industry
◻ Focus on interactivity
◻ Cost effective solutions
◻ Avoiding computations and other tricks
5.Education and Training
■Computer generated models of physical, financial and
economic systems are used as educational aids
■Models of physical systems, physiological systems,
population trends, or equipment such as color-coded
diagrams help trainees understand the system’s
operation
▪Specialized systems used for training applications
❑Simulators for practice sessions and training of :
▪ ship captains
▪ aircraft pilots
▪ heavy equipment operators
▪ air traffic-control personnel
Training and Simulation
6.Visualization
■Scientific Visualization deals with producing graphical
representations for scientific, engineering, and medical
data sets.
Scientific Visualization
Scientific data representation

Picture vs. stream of numbers
Medical imaging & visualization

■Business Visualization is used in connection with
data sets related to commerce, industry and other
non-scientific areas
■Techniques used are color coding, contour plots,
graphs, charts, surface renderings & visualizations
of volume interiors.
■Image processing techniques are combined with
computer graphics to produce many of the data
visualizations
7. Image Processing
■CG - Computer is used to create a picture
■Image Processing – applies techniques to modify or
interpret existing pictures such as photographs and
TV scans
■Medical applications
◻ Picture enhancements
◻ Tomography
◻ Simulations of operations
◻ Ultrasonics & nuclear medicine scanners
■Applications of image processing
◻ Improving picture quality
◻ Machine perception of visual information (Robotics)
■To apply image processing methods
◻ Digitize a photograph (or picture) into an image file
◻ Apply digital methods to rearrange picture parts to:
■Enhance color separations
■Improve quality of shading
◻ Tomography – technique of X-ray photography that allows
cross-sectional views of physiological systems to be
displayed
◻ Computed X-ray tomography (CT) and position emission
tomography ( PET) use projection methods to reconstruct
cross sections from digital data
◻ Computer-Aided Surgery is a medical application technique
to model and study physical functions to design artificial
limbs and to plan & practice surgery
Image Processing
8.Graphical User Interfaces
■Major component – Window manager (multiple-
window areas)
■To make a particular window active, click in that
window (using an interactive pointing device)
■Interfaces display – menus & icons
■Icons – graphical symbol designed to look like the
processing option it represents
■Advantages of icons – less screen space, easily
understood
■Menus contain lists of textual descriptions & icons
Graphical User Interface
Graphics Packages
■A set of libraries that provide programmatically
access to some kind of graphics 2D functions.
■Types
◻ GKS-Graphics Kernel System – first graphics package,
accepted by ISO & ANSI
◻ PHIGS (Programmer’s Hierarchical Interactive
Graphics Standard) accepted by ISO & ANSI
◻ PHIGS + (Expanded package)
◻ Silicon Graphics GL (Graphics Library)
◻ Open GL
◻ Pixar Render Man interface
◻ Postscript interpreters
◻ Painting, drawing, design packages

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Computer Graphics & IMAGE

Slide information from Leonard McMillian's slides

Scientific data representation

Medical imaging & visualization

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