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    Interpretation of IR Spectra of Organic Compound

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    Interpretation of IR Spectra of Organic Compound

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    tusharghawalkar45
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    Interpretation of IR Spectra of Organic Compound (1)

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    6 views25 pages

    Interpretation of IR Spectra of Organic Compound

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    tusharghawalkar45

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    Interpretation of IR spectra

    of organic compound
    Mrs. S. D. Godse
    In any group of three or more atoms, at least two of which are identical, there are two
    modes of stretching: symmetric and asymmetric. Examples of such groupings are
    CH3, CH2, NO2, NH2, and anhydrides.
    • CLASSIFICATION OF IR BANDS
    The intensity of the bands depends on the
    magnitude of the dipole moment:
    • Strongly polar bonds such as carbonyl groups
    (C=O) produce strong bands.
    • Medium polarity bonds and asymmetric bonds
    produce medium bands.
    • Weakly polar bond and symmetric bonds
    produce weak or non observable bands.

    Stretching along the axis does not change dipole moment


    (non-polar bond).
    Ex 2-Butyne.
    CH₃C≡CCH₃.
    INFRARED BAND SHAPES
    • Two of the most common are narrow and broad.
    Hook’s Law
    • Hooke’s Law describes the relationship of frequency to mass and bond length.
    • F is the force constant of bond.

    in order of increasing bond strength compare:


    CC bonds:
    C-C (1000 cm-1)< C=C (1600 cm-1) < C≡C (2200 cm-1)
    CH bonds:
    C-C-H (2900 cm-1)< C=C-H (3100 cm-1) < C≡C-H (3300 cm-1
    in order of increasing reduced mass compare:
    C-H (3000 cm-1), C-C (1000 cm-1), C-Cl (800 cm-1), C-Br (550 cm-1), C-I (about
    500 cm)-1
    Bond Strength and % S character

    C-H Alkane Stretch C-H Alkene Stretch C-H Alkyne Stretch


    =3000-2850 =3100-3000 =3300
    ALKANES
    • C-H Stretch occurs around 3000 cm−1.
    • C-H2 Methyle bending absorption at 1465 cm−1.
    • C-H3 Methyl groups bending absorption at 1375 cm−1.
    • C-C Stretch not interpretatively useful.
    ALKENE
    =C-H Stretch for sp2 C-H occurs at values greater than 3000 cm−1 (3095–3010 cm−1).
    =C-H Out-of-plane bending occurs in the range 1000–650 cm−1.
    C=C Stretch occurs at 1660–1600 cm−1
    ALKYNE
    ≡C-H Stretch for sp C-H usually occurs near 3300 cm−1.
    -C≡C Stretch occurs near 2150 cm−1
    Alkynes
    AROMATIC RINGS
    • =C-H Stretch occurs at values greater than 3000 cm−1.
    • =C-H Out-of-plane (oop) bending occurs at 900–690 cm−1.
    • C=C Ring stretch absorptions often occur in pairs at 1600 cm−1 and
    1475 cm−1.
    ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS
    • O-H The free stretch is a sharp peak at 3650–3600 cm-1.
    • C-O Stretching vibration usually occurs in the range 1260–1000 cm−1.
    ETHERS
    • C-O The most prominent band at 1300–1000 cm−1.
    ALDEHYDES & KETONES
    • C=O stretch appears
    in the range 1740–
    1725 cm−1

    C=O stretch appears


    in the range 1720–
    1708 cm-1
    CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
    • O-H Stretch, usually very broad (strongly H-bonded), occurs at 3400–
    2400 cm−1.
    • C=O Stretch, broad, occurs at 1730 –1700 cm−1.
    • C-O Stretch occurs in the range 1320 –1210 cm−1.
    AMIDES
    • C=O Stretch occurs at 1680 –1630 cm−1.
    • N-H Stretch in primary amides (-NH2) gives two bands near 3350 and
    3180 cm−1.
    • 2° amides have one band (-NH) at about 3300 cm−1.
    • N-H Bending occurs around 1640 –1550 cm−1, 1° & 2°amides.
    AMINES
    • N-H Stretch occurs in the range 3500–3300 cm−1.
    • N-H Bend in primary amines results in a broad band in the range
    1640–1560 cm−1.
    • Secondary amines absorb near 1500 cm−1.
    • C-N Stretch occurs in the range 1350–1000 cm−1.
    ALKYL AND ARYL HALIDES
    • C-F Stretch at 1400–1000 cm−1.
    • C-Cl Stretch occurs in the range 785–540 cm−1.
    • C-Br Stretch occurs at 650–510 cm−1
    • C-I Stretch in aliphatic iodides occurs at 600–485 cm−1,
    Nitrile
    THANK YOU

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