Seminar VLSM

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VLSM

Course (Variable Length Subnet


Masking)
• is a technique that allows network
administrators to divide an IP address space
Variable- into a hierarchy of subnets of different sizes,
Length without wasting a large number of addresses.
• VLSM means subnetting a subnet.
Subnet • what you have to remember is that you need to
Masking make sure that there is no overlap in any of the
addresses.
(VLSM)
• Subnetting lets you efficiently allocate
addresses by taking one large broadcast domain
and breaking it up into smaller, more
VLSM manageable broadcast domains.
• VLSMs let you more efficiently allocate IP
advantag addresses by adding multiple layers of the
es addressing hierarchy.
• The benefits of route summarization include
smaller routing tables and the ability to isolate
topology changes
1. Determine the Default Subnet Mask
Calculatin 2. Change the Left-Most Zeroes to Ones for Subnet
Bits
g the 3. Convert the Subnet Mask To Dotted Decimal
Custom Notation
4. Express the Subnet Mask In “Slash Notation”
Subnet (this is just a slash followed by the number of
Mask ones in the subnet mask)
An example of subnet mask
calculation for Class C
An example of subnet mask
calculation for Class B
Exercise
We consider the address block of
192.168.1.0/24 and the diagram.
Requirements: develop a subnetting
scheme with the use of VLSM, given:

• Network A must support 14 hosts


• Network B must support 28 hosts
• Network C must support 2 hosts
• Network D must support 7 hosts
• Network E must support 28 hosts
• 2 WAN links (2 IP addresses each)
Solution
• In order to compute VLSM subnets and the IP addresses for the hosts, arrange
your requirements in descending order.
• We will start with Network B. To have 28 hosts, the host part in the IP address
must have 5 bits:

25 – 2 = 32 – 2 = 30 usable IP addresses

• We are borrowing 3 bits (8-5 =3) from the fourth octet in order to form the
subnet prefix, that will be /27.
• The network mask will be 255.255.255.224.
• The address 192.168.1.0/24 will be split in 8 subnets by borrowing 3 bits from the
host part: 23 = 8 subnets, with 30 host each.
Subnet Network Subnet Host
S0 192.168.1. 000 00000 192.168.1.0/27
S1 192.168.1. 001 00000 192.168.1.32/27
S2 192.168.1. 010 00000 192.168.1.64/27
S3 192.168.1. 011 00000 192.168.1.96/27
S4 192.168.1. 100 00000 192.168.1.128/27
S5 192.168.1. 101 00000 192.168.1.160/27
S6 192.168.1. 110 00000 192.168.1.192/27
S7 192.168.1. 111 00000 192.168.1.224/27
Step 1
• We choose the subnet S0: 192.168.1.0/27 for Network B and subnet S1: 192.168.1.32/27 for
Network E.

• Network B
• S0: 192.168.1.0/27
• Hosts addresses: 1 to 30: (192.168.1.1/27 – 192.168.1.30/27)
• Broadcast address: 192.168.1.31/27

• Network E
• S1: 192.168.1.32/27
• Hosts addresses: 1 to 30: (192.168.1.33/27 – 192.168.1.62/27)
• Broadcast address: 192.168.1.63/27
Step 2
• We will continue with the next level: Network A, which needs 14 hosts and
Network D which needs 7 hosts. In order to have 14 hosts, in the host part of
the IP address, we must have 4 bits:

24 – 2 = 16 – 2 = 14 usable IP addresses

• We will consider the S2 subnet obtained before. S2 has the following


addresses domain: 192.168.1.64/27 - 192.168.1.95/27
• If 4 bits are needed in the host part of the IP address, 28 bits (out of 32) will
remain in the network part, with 1 bit borrowed (8-3-4). We will obtain 2
subnets of 14 hosts each
Subnet Network Subnet Hosts
S20 192.168.1. 0100 192.168.1.64/28
0000
S21 192.168.1. 0101 192.168.1.80/28
0000
• We will allocate the subnet S20 for Network A: 192.168.1.64/28 and subnet S21:
192.168.1.80/28 for Network D.

• Network A
• S20: 192.168.1.64/28
• Hosts addresses: 65 to 78: (192.168.1.65/28 – 192.168.1.78/28)
• Broadcast address: 192.168.1.79/28

• Network D
• S21: 192.168.1.80/28
• Hosts addresses: 81 to 87: (192.168.1.81/28 – 192.168.1.94/28)
• Broadcast address: 192.168.1.95/28
Step 3
• Network C and the two WLAN links need 2 addresses each.
• The next available address belongs to S3: 192.168.1.96/27.
• Since only 2 hosts are needed, 2 bits are enough for the host part of
the IP address.
22 – 2 = 4 – 2 = 2 usable IP addresses
=> Borrowed bits: 8-3-2=3
• Therefore, 3 bits will remain for the network part, the network prefix
being /30.
Subnet Network Subnet Hosts
S30 192.168.1. 011000 00 192.168.1.96/30
S31 192.168.1. 011001 00 192.168.1.100/30
S32 192.168.1. 011010 00 192.168.1.104/30
S33 192.168.1. 011011 00 192.168.1.108/30
S34 192.168.1. 011100 00 192.168.1.112/30
S35 192.168.1. 011101 00 192.168.1.116/30
S36 192.168.1. 011110 00 192.168.1.120/30
S37 192.168.1. 011111 00 192.168.1.124/30
• Network C
• S30: 192.168.1.96/30
• Hosts addresses: (192.168.1.97/30 – 192.168.1.98/30)
• Broadcast address: 192.168.1.99/30

• WAN link from R1 to R2


• S31: 192.168.1.100/30
• R1 se0/0: 192.168.1.101/30
• R2 se0/0: 192.168.1.102/30
• Broadcast address: 192.168.1.103/30

• WAN link from R1 to R3


• S32: 192.168.1.104/30
• R1 se1/1: 192.168.1.105/30
• R3 se1/1: 192.168.1.106/30
• Broadcast address: 192.168.1.107/30

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