ETHICS

INTRODUCTION
ETHICS
●Greek word “Ethos”
-character or habit, disposition. It
involves systematizing, defending , and
recommending concept of right and
wrong behavior.

● Branch of Philosophy that studies

Morality or the rightness or wrongness
of human conduct.
 Code or system of behavior in
regards to the standards of right and
wrong
LIT Y
M ORA
 ETHICS AND
MORALITY

MORALITY IS THE
ETHICS IS A SCIENCE
PRACTICE OF ETHICS
MORALS

You could enter a

subtitle here if you need
it
OBSERVE !
1. To have driver’s license & follow the rules of traffic laws
2. No ID, No Entry Policy
3. My Mother’s Rules. My mom & dad gave me early
curfew
4. Find another friend of mine and not my high school
friends
5. Attire for school
6. Curfew: barangay ordinance
7. Some people don’t want girls to wear revealing clothes
8. Nothing, because rules are created to avoid the abuse
of freedom
 Why rules?

● Think and Imagine some set of rules that

you know. How do you find them? What
are the rules that you find the most
constricting? What would the school be
without rules? Your organization? Your
home? Your Country? If there are no rules
in your society, what would be the result?
 RULES
● Refers to explicit or
understood regulations or
principles governing conduct
within specific activities or
sphere.
Venus
● Serve as a foundation for a
healthy society Venus has a beautiful name, is
the second planet from the Sun
● Rules are meant to ensure and its atmosphere is extremely
order in every organization, poisonous
either in a small or big
community of people,
Importance of
2
Rules to
Social Beings Builds boundaries
the place limits on
1
the behavior

Rules protect social

beings by regulating
the behavior
IMPORTANC
E OF
RULES TO
SOCIAL
BEINGS
Importance of
Rules to
Social Beings

Rules help to guarantee

each person certain
rights and freedom
Rules produce a
sense of Justice
• Neede
d to k e
strong ep the
domin from
among social • Pr a
event
ting the
w
exploi eak.
and do tat
minati ion
beings. on.
 Rules are
essentials for a
healthy economic
1 3 system
Needed to Product Quality
ensure product
safety;
2 4
Employee Safety; Protects people’s
intellectual
property
DO YOU AGREE?
 USE RULES IN
OUR LIVES
ETIQUETTE LANGUAGE
STANDARDS BY WHICH WE JUDGE STANDARDS BY WHICH WE JUDGE
MANNERS TO BE GOOD OR BAD WHAT IS GRAMTICALLY RIGHT OR
NORMALLY DICTATED BY SOCI WRONG EVOLVED THROUGH USE
ECONOMIC ELITE
LEGAL AESTHETICS
STANDARDS BY WHICH WE JUDGE STANDARDS BY WHICH WE JUDGE
LEGAL RIGHT AND WRONG IN A GOOD AND BAD ART USUALLY
DEMOCRACY,FORMULATED BY DICTATED BY A SMALL CIRCLE OF
REPRESENTATIVE OF PEOPLE ATHLETIC ART SPECIALISTS
STANDARDS BY WHICH WE JUDGE
HOW GOOD OR BAD A GAME IS
PLAYED USUALLY FORMULATED BY
GOVERNING BODIES
 Ethical
Theories 3
general subject
areas:
- Study of
characteristic of
Ethics
- Deals with the
nature of moral Metae
thics
judgement.

Example.
When we say “Lying is morally wrong,”
that just means that I disapprove of
lying.
 -Concerned with the
content of moral
Norm
judgements and the at i v e
criteria for what is Ethics
right or wrong.
-Create guidelines
for moral conduct
example.
We say that a Lexus is a "really nice car", and most people
agree. It's well designed, has a smooth, powerful engine,
handles tightly, brakes quickly (and in treacherous weather
conditions), is safe in accidents, has a long warrantee, is
reliable, etc. It's a good car.
• About how moral
outcomes can be
achieved in specific
situations Applie
-It identify the moral d
correct course of action ethics
various field in human
life
-looks at controversial
topics like war bioethics
and capital punishment
Applied ethics

Deals with difficult moral

questions and
controversial moral issues
that actually face in their
Example of moral issues
lives
Abortion
Euthanasia
Giving to the poor
Sex before marriage
The death penalty
So called “white lies”
Significance
of the Study
of Ethics
It is very evident in contemporary societies the
manifestations of continuing collapse in the
standards of morality.

Ethical issues are becoming huge , complicated,

subjective , and eventually confusing so much
that people begin to act not in accordance with
the ethical norms.
Manebog et al.- state that there were studies
that show how more and more people
today ,especially among youth are either unable
or unwilling to act in an ethical manner,or just
confused on what should it be considered as
moral.
1.Ethics in
Moral
Life
Ethics If ethical theories are to be useful in
practice, they need to affect the way Ethics
provide human beings behave. Moral in
Life
s Philosophers argue that if person
realizes that it would be morally good
answer to do something, then it would be
irrational for that person not to do it.
s But human beings often behave
irrationally.

Human follow their gut instinct even

when their head suggests different
course of action. However, ethics
does provide good tools for thinking
about moral issues
Ethics can Ethics
in
provide a moral M oral L
ife
plan.
Abortion and euthanasia one of moral issue because there
are such emotional issues. They often let our heart do the
arguing while our brain just go with the flow, But there’s
another way of tackling these issues, and that’s where
philosopher can come in-they offer us ethical rules and
principle that enable us to take a cooler view of moral
problem. So ethics provide us with moral plan which gives a
framework that we can use to find our way through difficult
issues.
Ethics can identify Ethics
Moral in
a disagreement. Life
Using the framework of Ethics , two people are
arguing a moral issue can often find that’s what they
disagree about is just one particular part of the issue
and that they broadly agree on everyone else. That
can take a lot of heat out of the argument, and
sometimes event hint at a way for them to resolve
their problem. But sometimes ethics doesn’t provide
people with the sort of help that they really want.
Ethics does not give Ethics
right answers. Moral in
Life
Ethics doesn’t always show the right answer to moral
problem.
Indeed more and more people think that for many ethical
issues there isn’t a single right answer-just a set of
principles that can be applied to particular cases to give
those involved some clear choices. Some philosopher go
further and say that all ethics can do eliminate confusion
and clarify the issues. After that its up to each individual to
come to his/her own conclusion.
 Ethics can give Ethics
Moral in
several answers. Life
Many people want there to be a single right
answer to ethical questions. They find moral
ambiguity hard to live with because they
genuinely want to do the right thing, and even if
they can’t work out what is right thing is, they
like the idea that somewhere theirs is one right
answers.
 Ethics
2.
and the
People
 Ethics is concerned with
other people. At the heart
i c s i s
Eth of ethics is a concern
a bou t about something or
t he someone other than
t h e r ” ourselves and our own
“o
desires and self-interest.
 One problem with ethics is the way
E t h i cs its often used as a weapon.
If group believes that a particular
as activity
source Is wrong it can then use morality as
g r o u p the justification for attacking those
of who practice that activity.
r e n g t h
st
.
 Ethics is not only about the morality
of particular courses of action, but
also about the goodness of
Go o d individuals and what it means to live

p e o p l e a good life.

w e l l Virtue Ethics is particularly concerned with the

as moral character of human being.
g o o d
as Honesty, courage, generosity, fidelity, integrity,
t i o n s
ac fairness,
Self control.
 At times in the past some people
a r ch i n thought that ethical problems could
Se be solves in one of two ways: by
g for discovering what God wanted people
r c e o f to do by thinking rigorously about
sou d moral and problem.
h t a n
ri g
wrong
 FOUR
ETHICAL
“Isms”
 1.Moral
Realism

Is based on the idea that there are real objective moral facts or truth in the
universe. Moral statements provide factual information about those truths
 2.
Subjectivism
Teaches that the moral judgements are nothing more than statements of a person feelings or
Attitudes, and that ethical statements do not contain factual truths about goodness or
badness
In more details: subjectivist say that moral statement are statements about feelings,attitudes
and emotions that particular person or group has about a particular issue.If a person say
something is good or bad he/she has about that something.

Ex.if someone say murder is wrong he/she is telling us that he/she disapproves of murder.
These statement are true if the person does hold the appropriate attitude or have the
appropriate feeling. They are false if the person doesn’t.
 3. Emotivism

Is the view that moral claims are no more than expression of approval or disapproval. This
sounds like subjectivism, but in emotivism a moral does not provide information about the
speaker’s feeling about the topic but expresses those feelings
When an emotivist says ‘’murder is wrong’’ or just saying murder while pulling a horrified
face or making a thumbdown gesture at the same time as saying murder is wrong.
So when someone make moral judgement,he/she show his/her feelings about something.
Some theorist also suggest that in expressing feeling the person give instruction to others
about how to act towards the subject matter.
 4.
Prescriptivism

Think that ethical statements are instructions or recommendation. So if I say

something good, I'm recommending you to do it,and if I say something bad, I'm
telling you not to do it.
For example lying is wrong can be rewritten as people ought not to tell lies.