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Chapter 2 Periodic Table Update

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Chapter 2 Periodic Table Update

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qv85zkv4tz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 2 Periodic table

Table of Contents
1. Periodic table
2. Dobereiner’s classification
3. Newland’s classification
4. Lother meyer’s classification
5. Mendeleev classification
6. Features of Mendeleev table
7. Modern periodic table
8. Periods and groups
9. Periodic properties of atoms
Chapter 2 Periodic table
Chapter 2 Periodic table
Classification
The arrangement of similar elements into one
group and to separate them from different
elements is called classification.

Search for classification


In the early centuries of science only few
elements were discovered, with the passage of
time as the discoveries of elements increases a
need was felt to arranged the elements in the
easy and more systematic way.
Chapter 2 Periodic table
Periodic table of elements
A table obtained by the arrangement of elements
into groups and periods is called periodic table.

Dobereiner’s Classification
In 1829 Johann Dobereiner a German physicist
arranged chemically similar elements in group of
three on the basis of their atomic masses.
He called these groups as triads.
in the triad, the average of the atomic masses
of the 1st and 3rd elements is approximately equal
to the atomic mass of the middle element.
Chapter 2 Classification
Dobereiner’s Triads
Chapter 2 Classification
Newland classification
In 1863 an English chemist John Newland arranged the
elements in order of increasing their atomic masses.
He divided the elements into groups of seven elements
and found that every 8th element had the properties similar
to the 1st element of the series.
He called these groups as octaves.

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19

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35.5
Chapter 2 Classification
Mendeleev and Lother Meyer classification
In 1869 two chemists, Lother Meyer in Germany
and Mendeleev in Russia at about the same time developed
very similar arrangement of elements in order of increasing
their atomic weight,
Certain physical and chemical properties are repeated at
regular intervals.
Lother Meyer Classification
Lother Meyer plotted densities of the elements against their
atomic masses and found that similar elements occupied
similar position in the graph as shown in the figure below
He observed that For example,
the elements with The alkali metals like
similar properties Li, Na, K and Rb
occupy the same occupy the peaks
position on the there by showing that
curve these elements have
high densities.
Chapter 2 Classification
Mendeleev classification
Mendeleev arranged the elements in the form of table.
He arranged all the elements into periods and groups.

In this table he left vacant spaces for the elements which were
not discovered at that time and to be placed in these vacant
spaces.
On the basis of this table, he predicted the properties of certain
elements very accurately that were yet to be discovered
Chapter 2 Classification
Salient feature of Mendeleev periodic table
1. It has eight vertical columns called groups and twelve
horizontal rows called periods.

2. Elements in each groups have similar properties.

3. Vacant spaces were left for the undiscovered elements.

4. The group number indicate valency of elements of that


group.

5. Period number indicate the number of shells of elements in


that period.
Chapter 2 Classification
Advantages of Mendeleev periodic table
1. It helps in systematic study of elements.

2. Prediction of new elements was made possible.

3. The physical and chemical properties of some


elements(Boron, Aluminium, Silicon) were predicted by
Mendeleev.

4. Mendeleev periodic table helped in correcting many doubtful


atomic masses.
Chapter 2 Classification
Defects in Mendeleev periodic table
Chapter 2 Classification
Modern periodic table
The modern periodic table was put forward by Moseley.
in 1914 Moseley classified the elements in order of their
increasing atomic numbers.
He found that atomic number is the fundamental property of an
element. This English Physicist present Modern Periodic law.
Modern Periodic Law
“Physical and chemical properties of elements are the
periodic functions of their atomic numbers”
in modern periodic table the elements are arranged in order
of their increasing atomic numbers. In which elements having
similar properties and valence shell electronic configuration are
repeated at regular intervals.
The modern periodic table is composed of eight groups
And seven periods.
Chapter 2 Classification
Modern periodic table
Chapter 2 Classification
Features of Modern periodic table
The essential features of modern periodic table are given below

A. Periods and groups

B. Blocks in periodic table

C. Position of metals, Non-metals and Metalloids


Chapter 2 Classification
Group and Period in Modern periodic table
Periods
The horizontal rows of elements from left to right in the periodic
table are called periods.

There are seven periods, beginning with a metal and ending with a
noble gas.

1st Period:
It is called the shortest period.
It contains two elements hydrogen and helium. This period signifies
the completion of K-shell or 1st orbit.
Chapter 2 Classification
Group and Period in Modern periodic table
2nd Period and 3rd periods (Short period)
Each of these periods contains eight elements(normal).
They signify filling up of L-shell and M-shell.
The 2nd period is start with Li and ends up with Ne,
where as the 3rd period is start with Na and ends up with Ar.
Chapter 2 Classification
Group and Period in Modern periodic table
4th and 5th Periods (Long periods)
Each of these periods contain 18 elements,
8 normal and 10 transition.
In these periods the electrons fill M and N-shells.
4th period is start with K and ends at Kr.
5th period start with Rb and ends at Xe.
Chapter 2 Classification
Group and Period in Modern periodic table
Chapter 2 Classification
Group and Period in Modern periodic table
Groups or family
Vertical columns of elements from top to bottom in the periodic table
are called groups or family.
 Groups are of two types
Sub-group A
Sub-group B.
Elements of sub-group A are called normal or representative elements.
Elements of sub-group B are called transition elements.

 There are total of 18 groups in periodic table.


8 groups of normal elements and
10 groups of transition elements

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