Seednut

Selection
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session participants are expected to:

Identify a matured nuts for seednuts purposes

Enumerate criteria of quality seednuts

Sort different seednut and select good quality

seednut for planting

SELECTION

Indispensable process

Aims to produce high quality planting materials

When properly done, could easily increase

uniformity and production by 10% or higher
 Plantation Block Selection
Properly managed in a given
locality
Block 1 Block 4
Yield up to 80 nuts/palm/year
Selection in
or about 2 tons copra/ha/yr
Coconut
or more
Block 2 Block 5
Block into 50m x 50m ;
select the best 10 % of the
palms within each block
Block 3 Block 6
 Plantation Block Selection

Mother Palm Selection

Typical of a variety
Selection in
Leaf scars closely spaced
Coconut
Crown has at least 30
open leaves
Bear an average of 8
nuts/bunch or copra
equivalent 25.6
kg/tree/year
 Plantation Block Selection

Mother Palm Selection

Selection in
Coconut

Seednut Selection

Seedling Selection
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
Aside from yield quantity and quality as basic
considerations, varieties to be grown should be
selected based on market requirements, farmer
preference, and adaptability to the locality.
Other considerations may include soil type and
nutrient levels, water availability, prevailing
temperatures and humidity, and pest and
disease history.
SOURCING OF SEEDNUTS

For efficient chemical, water, and other input

utilization, seednuts planting materials may be
selected based on their nutrient and water use
efficiencies, and pests and diseases resistance.
SOURCING OF SEEDNUTS

The planting materials should be of high quality and

shall be sourced either from PCA seed gardens and
seed production centers; BPI or PCA-Accredited
nurseries; PCA-recommended varieties and seednut
producers; or farmer selected mother palms.
SOURCING OF SEEDNUTS

Proper sourcing and selection of quality seednuts

should be done to ensure productivity of palms.

Seednuts should be sourced from selected mother

palms of National Seed Industry Council (NSIC)
registered of PCA recommended varieties.
CRITERIA OF QUALITY SEEDNUTS
uniform sizes (no off sizes)

Typical of the variety

Physiologically mature
(sloshing sound when shaken)

No deep cracked/punctures (shell)

No damage by insect/s or disease

DEFECTIVE SEEDNUT
Immature
DEFECTIVE SEEDNUT
Punctured or cut
DEFECTIVE SEEDNUT
Too small and deformed
DEFECTIVE SEEDNUT
Rodent Damage
DEFECTIVE SEEDNUT
Disease-infected seednuts
 Selecting the
BEST PLANTING MATERIALS
before field planting assures
HIGH PRODUCTIVITY
per unit area & time
“Show me your seed
and
I'll show you your
harvest.”
Matshona Dhliwayo
COCONUT VARIETIES
in the
PHILIPPINES
Variety vs. Cultivar

Variety: Develops naturally, seeds from this

tend to grow true to type.

Cultivar: Develops with human interventions,

seeds from this is not true to type.
Coconut Varietal
Identification
is a general term to denote a
single strain or a group of strains that
distinctly differ in structural or functional
characteristics or a group of the same
species than can be depended upon to
reproduce itself true to type (Menon and
Pendalai, 1958)
Coconut Varietal
Identification
There are type of
two
distinguished sthe palm
varieties
from nucifera: species
Cocos -
(crossed
Tall allogamous
fertilization) and Dwarf -
autogamous (self-fertilization)
Coconut Varietal
Identification
The allogamous varieties
are designated with the
term
“large coconut palm”(or
Typica) - TALL
Coconut Varietal
Identification
The autogamous varieties are
designated with smaller coconut palms.
They are known as “dwarf varieties”.
Coconut Varietal
Identification
•DUS
Principle

–Distinct

– –
Coconut Varieties
TALL DWARF

Allogamous Autogamous
The Basic Characteristics
of the Tall and Dwarf
Coconut Varieties
TALL DWARF
Allogamous Autogamous
Large palm Smaller palm
(Typica) (Javanica)
can reproduce by can reproduce by
cross-fertilization self-fertilization
Coconut Varieties
Typica or Tall Variety
 Dominant cultivars
 Bears fruit 5-7 years after
planting
 60 years productive life
(Life span 80-90 years)
 With bole
Coconut Varieties
Javanica or Dwarf Variety
 Shorter in height (30 ft and
below) with smaller fruit size
than tall variety.
 Bears fruit 3-5 years after
planting, some as early as 2
years.
 No bole
 50 years productive life.
Hybrid Cultivars
1. Hybrids are the intervarietal crosses between
the two morphological forms of coconut.
2. They exhibit earliness in flowering, increased
nut yield, higher copra production and give better
quality copra and oil as compared to the parents.
3. Hybrids are produced in two ways, with tall as
female parent and dwarf as male parent (Tall x
Dwarf) or dwarf as female parent and tall as male
parent (Dwarf x Tall).
4. Besides intervarietal hybrids like Tall x Tall and
Dwarf x Dwarf are also produced in some area
 Hybrid Variety
1. Dwarf x Tall = D*T Hybrid (“D” as the female and “T” as Male)
2. Tall x Dwarf= T*D Hybrid (Reciprocal of no. 1)
3. Tall x Tall = T*T Hybrid (both male and female are tall)
4. Dwarf x Dwarf= D*D Hybrid (Both male and female are
dwarf)
 Coconut Classification and Characteristics
TRAITS TALL DWARF HYBRID

Geographical More widely Less widely Less widely

distribution distributed distributed distributed
and commercial and non-commercial and non-commercial
Thin and Thin and
Stem Circumference Enlarged and with a either with a either with a
bulbous base cylindrical or cylindrical or
tapering base tapering base

Mode of Pollination Highly crossed Highly selfed Highly selfed

 Coconut Classification and Characteristics
TRAITS TALL DWARF HYBRID

Nut size (whole) Very small to Very small to Very small to

large medium medium

Genetic Variability
Within cultivar High Low Low
Between cultivar Low High

Generally more Less dense Less dense

Root Distribution dense and few and few
and plentiful
 Coconut Classification and Characteristics
TRAITS TALL DWARF HYBRID
Mixed green, yellow,
Pigmentation of nuts Most are mixtures of Either pure greens, or red greens,
and petiole of leaves greens and browns browns, yellows and browns, yellows and
reds reds

Height > 50 cm < 50 cm < 50 cm

increment/year

Years to start
reproductive Late (5 to 7 years) Early (3 to 4 years) Early (3 to 4 years)
maturity
 Coconut Classification and Characteristics
TRAITS TALL DWARF HYBRID

Sensitive to
Reaction to adverse Generally less hypersensitive
conditions sensitive Sensitive to
or environment hypersensitive

Cultural Requirement Average High input required High input required

Leaf and bunch Very strong Fragile

attachment

Expected life span > 50 years (80-90 < 50 years (40-50

years) years)
Coconut Classification and Characteristics
TRAITS TALL DWARF HYBRID

Bunch Factor 1.0 1.2 1.2

 The Coconut
Varieties (Tall
and Dwarf
Varieties)
Tall Varieties
1. Laguna Tall
Produces 8-12 nuts/bunch
and 14-17 bunches/year
 Yields about 156 nuts
/palm/year
About 4-5 nuts produce 1 kg.
copra
Tall Varieties
2. Baybay Tall
Yields an average of 88
nuts/palm/year.
Fast germinating and early
flowering
First discovered in Baybay,
Leyte
Tall
Varieties
3. Tagnanan Tall
Produces an average yield
of 3 tons copra/ha/year
Produces a mean copra/nut
of over 300 gm.
 Highly uniform in stand
Tall Varieties
4. Bago –Oshiro Tall
Yields about 100
nuts/palm/year
Produces copra
weight/nut of about 210 gm
Named after Bago-Oshiro, a
place in Davao City
Tall Varieties
5. San Ramon Tall
Average copra weight/nut is
about 220 gm
 Famous for extra –large nuts

This cultivar was found in San

Ramon, Zamboanga
Tall Varieties
6. Makapuno
 A mutant coconut whose fruit is
filled with soft meat and a very
viscous liquid (Embryo Cultured)
 Has a growing demand for ice
cream products; other new
products are emerging
 Ordinarily propagated by
planting seedlings grown from
normal nuts of Makapuno
bearing palms “Kabuwig”
Tall Varieties
7. Hijo Tall
Yields about 3 tons or
more of copra/ha/year
 Found in Davao del
Norte
A highly advanced
generation of the local tall
variety of Mindanao
Tall Varieties
8. Spicata Cultivar
• Minor tall variety
• Found only in few places like
Cotabato & Davao City
• The bunches look like a
lanzones
Dwarf Varieties
1. Catigan Green Dwarf
 Produces round, medium sized

 Yields over 3 tons of copra/ha/year

Flowers as early as 20 months after

planting

 Has good combining ability for the

production of hybrids
Dwarf Varieties
2. Tacunan Green Dwarf
Yields about 80 medium-
sized nuts/palm/year
Has short spikelets, shrunken
spathe, long stigmatic
 Has large and robust trunk
with closely –spaced leaf
scars indicating a slower
increase in upward growth
than most dwarf varieties
Dwarf Varieties
3. Malayan
Dwarf
Malayan
Yellow
Dwarf
Malayan
Red/Oran
ge Dwarf
Malayan
Green
Dwarf Varieties
4. Galas Green Dwarf
Yields an average of 70
nuts/palm/year
Produces uniform, medium-
sized, round and deep green
nuts
Highly recommended for
commercial buko production
because of its sweet meat
and water
Dwarf Varieties
5. Aromatic Green
Dwarf
 Early-bearing and prolific

 Has small nuts with thin meat

Its sweetness and taste makes it

ideal for young or “buko”
production (7-8 mos. old)
Dwarf Varieties
6. Kinabalan Green
Dwarf
Yields an average of 270 gm. Of copra

 Often displays a robust trunk

Probably the highest fruited dwarf type

Discovered in Malita, Davao del Sur

 PCA Coconut Genebank
Total Accessions = 263
Tall = 108
Dwarf
=
PCA53Recommended
H/C
Coconut
= 102 Hybrids and Cultivar
Hybrids = 18
OPV Tall = 10
OPV Dwarf = 10
Syn Var = 1
PCA Coconut Genebank
 Outstanding coconut populations registered with the National Seed
Industry Council (NSIC) of the Department of Agriculture:
 Dwarf
Accessions (4) Catigan Tacunan green dwarf
green dwarf Malayan red Aromatic green dwarf
dwarf
 Tall Accessions (7) Bago Oshiro tall
Baybay tall Polynesian or Tahiti tall
Tagnanan tall West
Rennel Island tall African tall
Laguna tall
PCA Recommended Coconut Hybrids and
Cultivar for NCPRP Registered with DA-NSIC
PCA 15-1 (CATD x LAGT) PCA 15-9 (TACD x TAGT)
PCA 15-2 (MRD x TAGT) PCA 15-10 (TACD x LAGT)
PCA 15-3 (MRD x BAYT) PCA 15-11 (TACD x RIT)
PCA 15-4 (CATD x TAGT) PCA 15-12 (TACD x WAT)
PCA 15-5 (CATD x BAOT) PCA 15-13 (MRD x LAGT)
PCA 15-6 (CATD x PYT) PCA 15-14 (MRD x BAOT)
PCA 15-7 (MRD x PYT) PCA 15-15 (CATD x BAYT)
PCA 15-8 (TACD x BAOT) BAYT (AG2) (Baybay
Thank
You!