Algorithm and

pseudocode
 Algorithm and pseudocode
Algorithm: Provides a high-level description of the steps to solve a particular
problem.
Pseudocode: A more detailed yet still simplified version of the algorithm,
showing how you might write it in a way that is close to actual programming
code.
 Combination of programming language and natural language.
 Activity 1
Write an algorithm for the sum of any two numbers?
 Activity 2
Write an algorithm for the difference of any two numbers?
 Activity 3
Write an algorithm for the sum of any three numbers?
 Activity 4
Write an algorithm and pseudocode for the quotient of any two
numbers?
 Algorithm and pseudocode
• Start • Start
• Input the numbers x, y • Input x, y
• Compute the quotient, z=x/y • Z=x/y
• If y is not equal to 0 • If y <> 0
• Print z • Print z
• Else • Else
• Print “undefined!” • Print “undefined!”
• End • Endif
• End
 Activity 5
Write an algorithm for the area of a rectangle?
 Example
Algorithm Pseudocode
1. Start Start
2. Input: Read/Input the two numbers, x and y Input a
3. Process: Compute the sum of x and y. Input b
Let the result be sum = x + y sum = a + b
4. Output: Display the result, sum Output sum

5. End End
 Activity 6
Write an algorithm and pseudocode for the difference of any two
numbers?
Draw a flowchart.
 Activity 7
Write an algorithm and pseudocode that can find area of a circle?
Draw a flowchart.
conditional statements (like if, else if, and else)

Example: Checking if a Number is Positive, Negative, or Zero

 Algorithm and Pseudocode
Algorithm Pseudocode
Start START
Input a number INPUT number
If the number is greater than 0, print IF number > 0 THEN
"Positive“ PRINT "Positive"
Else if the number is less than 0, print ELSE IF number < 0 THEN
"Negative“ PRINT "Negative"
Else, print "Zero“ ELSE
PRINT "Zero"
End ENDIF
END
 Activity 8
Checking if the student is grade 8 based on age
 Activity 9
Deciding if a Person Can Vote Based on Age
 Algorithm and Pseudocode
Algorithm Pseudocode
Start START
Input age INPUT age
If age is greater than or equal to 18, print IF age >= 18 THEN
"You can vote“ PRINT "You can vote"
Else, print "You cannot vote“ ELSE
End PRINT "You cannot vote"
ENDIF
END
 Activity 10
Finding the Largest of Three Numbers
 Algorithm and Pseudocode
Algorithm Pseudocode
Start START
 Input three numbers: a, b, and c INPUT a, b, c
 If a is greater than both b and c, IF a > b AND a>c THEN
 print "a is the largest“  PRINT "a is the largest"
 Else if b is greater than both a and c, ELSE IF b > a AND b > c THEN
 print "b is the largest“  PRINT "b is the largest"
 Else if c is greater than a and b,
ELSE
 print "c is the largest“
 PRINT "c is the largest"
Else ENDIF
 Print “all are equal”
END
End
 Activity 11
Check if a Number is Even, Odd or zero
 Algorithm and pseudocode
Algorithm Pseudocde
Start Start
Input the number, x Input x
If x is divisible by 2 and different from If x mod 2 = 0 and x <> 0,
0,  Print “its even”
 Print “x is even”
Else if x mod 2 = 1,
Elseif x is not divisible 2
 Print “its odd”
 Print “x is odd”
Else Else
 Print “x is zero”  Print “x is zero”
endif Endif
end end
 Activity 12
Find the Largest of Two Numbers
 Example pseudocode algorithms
How do I calculate the ingredients needed for a given number of cakes?

OUTPUT "How many cakes do you need to make?" IF eggs < 1 THEN
INPUT numberCakes OUTPUT "You will need 1 egg"
flour = 10 * numberCakes ELSEIF eggs < 2 THEN
sugar = 10 * numberCakes OUTPUT "You will need 2 eggs"
butter = 2 * numberCakes ELSE
eggs = 0.1 * numberCakes OUTPUT "You will need 3 eggs"
OUTPUT "You will need" & flour & "grams of flour" ENDIF
OUTPUT "You will need" & butter & "grams of
butter"
OUTPUT "You will need" & sugar & "grams of
sugar"
 Cont…
A user enters their score and the program tells the user whether they are in first, second or
third place, or not placed in this contest.

first = 80 ELSEIF score > second THEN

second = 70 OUTPUT "You are in second place"
third = 60 third = second
OUTPUT "What is your score?“ second = score
INPUT score ELSEIF score > third THEN
IF score > first THEN OUTPUT "You are in third place"

OUTPUT "You are in first place" third = score

third = second ELSE

second = first OUTPUT "You were not placed this time"

first = score ENDIF

 Iteration
An iteration refers to the process of repeating a set of instructions or a sequence of
operations in programming and algorithms.
It is commonly used in loops, where a block of code is executed multiple times until a
certain condition is met.
Example
FOR number_of_loops = 0 UNTIL number_of_loops > 10
Sit on the floor
Clap your hands
Stand up
Jump once
Spin around twice
Add 1 to number_of_loops
Go back to FOR
 Activity 1
An algorithm that outputs the numbers 1 to 10 (inclusive).

FOR count = 1 TO 10
OUTPUT count
NEXT count
 Activity 2
Print Numbers from 10 to 1

FOR count FROM 10 DOWNTO 1 DO count = 10

OUTPUT count WHILE count >= 1 DO
END FOR OUTPUT count
count = count – 1
END WHILE
 Activity 3
An algorithm takes a number as
input and outputs the times table
for that number up to 12 times the
number.
For example, if 3 is input, the output
is 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36. INPUT number
count = 1
INPUT number WHILE count <= number DO
FOR count = 1 TO number OUTPUT count * number
OUTPUT count * number count = count + 1
NEXT count END WHILE
 Activity 4
Create an algorithm that accepts two numbers three times and
displays their product after each input.
 Activity 5
Write an algorithm that takes 4 numbers and calculates the sum of
all numbers
Sum=0
For count=1 to 4
 Input num
 Sum=sum+num
output sum
 Activity 7
Create an algorithm that can find the sum of all the first n
Natural numbers. For example, if n=5, the sum would be
1+2+3+4+5=15
sum=0
Input n
For count=1 to n
sum=sum+count
Endfor
Output sum
 Activity 8
Create an algorithm that calculates the sum of all natural numbers
between m and n, inclusive. For example, if m=2 and n=5, then the
sum would be 2+3+4+5=14
sum=0
Input m,n
For count=m to n
sum=sum+count
Endfor
Output sum
 Activity 9
Write an algorithm to find the sum of the first N even numbers
using a For loop. The key idea is that the first N even numbers are
2, 4, 6, 8, ..., 2N
sum = 0
Input n
FOR count = 1 TO n
sum = sum + (2 * count)
ENDFOR
OUTPUT sum
 Activity 10
Write an algorithm to find the sum of the first N odd numbers
using a For loop. The first N odd numbers are 1, 3, 5, 7, ..., (2N - 1)
sum = 0
Input n
FOR count = 1 TO n
sum = sum + (2 * count-1)
ENDFOR
OUTPUT sum
 Activity 11
An algorithm that asks the user to enter a number, then outputs this quantity
of symbols, for example it outputs a number of stars.

OUTPUT "Enter a number"

INPUT number
FOR count = 1 TO number
OUTPUT "*"
NEXT count
 Activity 12
An algorithm that takes 20 numbers as input from the user and
outputs the average (mean).
total=0
FOR count = 1 TO 20
Input number
total = total + number
NEXT count
Average= total / 20
OUTPUT “The average is” & Average
 Activity 13
An algorithm that takes three numbers as input from the user and only stores
the largest.
largest = -9999
FOR count = 1 TO 3
INPUT number
IF number > largest THEN
largest = number
ENDIF
NEXT count
OUTPUT largest
 Activity 14
An algorithm that takes 100 numbers as
input and adds together the largest and
smallest number input, then divides
them by 2.

largest = -9999 IF number < smallest THEN

smallest = 9999 smallest = number
FOR count = 0 TO 99 ENDIF
INPUT number NEXT count
IF number > largest THEN added = largest + smallest
largest = number answer = added / 2
ENDIF OUTPUT answer
Flowchart to check whether a non zero number is
even/odd
Flowchart for a sum of first N natural numbers
Flowchart for a factorial of a number