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CAPACITANCE

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35 views

CAPACITANCE

Uploaded by

ansseylouise62
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CAPACITANCE

AND
DIELECTRIC
PREPARED BY:JHIM RICHEL C.
NIANGAR,LPT
CAPACITORS
• These are two terminal electrical elements.
• It can store energy.
• It has a voltage that is proportional to the
charge.
• It exhibit frequency-dependent behavior.
• Two Main components:
-Two conducting plates. That is the metallic foil in
the Leyden jar.
-An insulator that separates the plates so that
CAPACITOR
• CHARGING-the process of adding
electrical energy to a capacitor.
• DISCHARGING-the process of
releasing energy from a capacitor.
• TERMINAL- the wire to electrical
connections on the outside of the
capacitor, it is like a two metal legs
CAPACITANCE
• THE AMOUNT OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY A CAPACITOR CAN STORE.
THREE WAYS TO INCREASE THE CAPACITANCE OF A
CAPACITOR
• Increase the size of the plates.
• Move the plates close together.
• Make the dielectric as good as insulator as possible.
HOW DO WE MEASURE CAPACITANCE?

•FARAD(F) is the unit used


capacitance.
•One FARAD is a huge amount
of capacitance , most
capacitors are expressed in
EQUATION RELATED TO VOLTAGE,
CHARGE ,AND CAPACITANCE
• C=q/V
• q=amount of charge
• V=potential difference/Voltage

•C=€ A/d
• €=permittivity of the insulating material or dielectric
• d=distance between the plates
EQUATION RELATED TO VOLTAGE,
CHARGE ,AND CAPACITANCE

• € R= €/ €o
• € R =relative permittivity or dielectric
constant
• € =ratio of the permittivity
• €o= dielectric to the permittivity
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CAPACITANCE
OF A
PARALLEL PLATE CAPACITOR
• THE AREA OF THE PLATES. THE BIGGER THE AREA, THE
GREATER THE CAPACITANCE.
• THE DISTANCE BETWEEN PLATES.THE CLOSER THE PLATES TO
ONE ANOTHER , THE GREATER THE CAPACITANCE.
• THE INSULATING MATERIAL OR DIELECTRIC BETWEEN
THEM.THE CAPACITANCE IS DETERMINED IN TERMS OF THE
MATERIAL’S PERMITTIVITY CONSTANT.
SAMPLE PROBLEM
A CAPACITOR CONSISTS OF TWO SQUARE METAL PLATES, EACH
MEASURING 5.00 X 10 -2 M ON A SIDE.IN BETWEEN THE PLATES
IS A SHEET OF MICA MEASURING 1.00X 10 -4 M THICK.(A) WHAT
IS THE CAPACITANCE OF THIS CAPACITOR? (B) IF THE CHARGE IN
ONE PLATE IS 2.00 X 10 -8 C, WHAT IS POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
AND THE (C) ELECTRIC FIELD BETWEEN THE PLATES?
FORMULA:
A. C= € A /d (NOTE: the area should be squared)
B. V=q/C
C. E=V/d
SEATWORK

• THE PARALLEL PLATES OF AN AIR CAPACITOR


ARE SEPARATED BY 2.25 MM.EACH PLATE
CARRIES A CHARGE OF 6.50X10 -9C.THE
MAGNITUDE OF THE ELECTRIC FIELD OF THE
PLATES IS 4.75 X 10 5 V/M.FIND THE
• (A) POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE
PLATES, AND (B) CAPACITANCE.
CAPACITANCE
CAPACITANCE ON A CIRCUIT
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
C total =C1+C2+C3+….Cn
V total =V1=V2=C3….=Vn
q total =q1+q2+q3 +….qn
q total=C total V total
SERIES CIRCUIT

__1_= 1 + 1 + 1 + ….. 1
CT C1 C2 C3 Cn
V Total=V1 +V2+V3+…. Vn
q total=q1=q2=q3……=qn
SAMPLE PROBLEM

1.Given that C1=10F,C2=5F,and


C3=4F,find the total capacitance
for each connection in the
following situation:
a.Series circuit
b.Parallel circuit
c.C1 and C2 in series and C3 in
SAMPLE PROBLEM
• Two capacitors with 2 F and 3F capacitance ,
respectively , are connected in series and
subjected to a total potential difference of
100V. Find the total resistance, charge stored
in each capacitor, and potential difference
across each capacitor.
• 1/C total=1/C1+1/C2
• q total=C total V total
• V1=q1/C1
SAMPLE PROBLEM
• Find the overall capacitance and the individual voltage
drops across the following sets of two capacitors in series
when connected to a 12 V AC supply.
a.Two capacitors each with a capacitance of 47 nF.
b.One capacitor of 470 F connected in series to a capacitor
of 1uF.
FORMULA
A. C T =C1x C2 x VT
C1+C2
VC1= C2 x VT
VC2= C1 x VT
C1+C2

B. V C1 =__C2 __x VT
C1+C2
V C2 = __C1 __x VT
C1+C2
NOTES

• THE VOLTAGE IN EACH CAPACITOR IN A


SERIES CIRCUIT
• V 1=__q1__
• C1
• V 2=__q2__
• C2
DIELECTRICS
THREE FACTORS AFFECTING CAPACITANCE:
SURFACE AREA- the surface area, A of the two
conducting plates which make up the
capacitor, the larger area the greater the
capacitance.
DISTANCE-the smaller distance ,the greater
the capacitance.
DIELECTRIC MATERIAL-the type of material
which separates the two plates called the
ADVANTAGE OF DIELECTRICS

•IT CAN BE USED TO BLOCK THE CURRENT.


•IT CAN BE USED TO ADJUST THE
FREQUENCY.
•A CAPACITOR HAS INFINITE IMPEDANCE.
FINDING CAPACITANCE OF ONE
CAPACITOR
• C=€o (A/d)
• €o=8.84 X10 -12
A capacitor is constructed from two conductive
metal plate 30 cm X 50 cm which are spaced
6mm apart from each other, and uses dry air as
its only dielectric material . Calculate the
capacitance of the capacitor.
A=0.3mX0.5 m=0.15 m2
PRACTICAL SCIENCE

• THE TOUCH SCREEN OF LAPTOPS,CELL PHONES AND OTHER SIMILAR DEVICES


WORKS ON THE PRINCIPLE OF SERIES COMBINATION OF CAPACITORS.

PROUDLY FILIPINO
• DIOSDADO BANATAO is a technology innovator, he is a co founder off the 3
high technology companies( Monstron, Chips and technologies, and 3S
graphics).He developed the first single chip graphical user interface
accelerator that made computers work faster. He also pioneered other like
single chip 16 bit microprocessor-based calculator and windows graphic
accelerator chip.
APPLICATION OF CAPACITORS
• ENERGY STORAGE
• PULSE POWER AND WEAPONS
• RADAR,FUSION RESEARCH,PARTICLE ACCELERATOR , AND
RAILGUN
• POWER CONDITIONING
• POWER FACTOR CORRECTION
• SUPPRESION AND COUPLING( SIGNAL
COUPLING,DECOUPLING,NOISE SUPPRESSION,SPIKES, AND
SNUBBERS
• MOTOR STARTER
• SIGNAL PROCESSING
QUIZ
• TWO CAPACITOS WITH 2.0 F AND 3.0 F
CAPACITANCE,RESPECTIVELY,ARE CONNECTED IN
SERIES AND SUBJECTED TO A TOTAL POTENTIAL
DIFFERENCE OF 100 V.FIND (A) TOTAL
CAPACITANCE,(B)CHARGE STORED IN EACH
CAPACITOR, AND (C ) POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
ACROSS EACH CAPACITOR.
• TWO CAPACITOS WITH 4.0 F AND 6.0 F
CAPACITANCE,RESPECTIVELY,ARE CONNECTED IN
PARALLEL AND SUBJECTED TO A TOTAL POTENTIAL

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