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Klystron

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11 views

Klystron

Uploaded by

hassam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Klystron

Chap-5
MWT
Klystron
• An electron beam is created at the cathode
and passed by the buncher cavity.
• The RF energy coupled into the cavity causes
the beam velocity to vary, thus causing the
electrons to bunch.
• Energy is coupled to the catcher cavity when
the beam passes its port.
• The net result is that the RF energy may be
amplified by a factor of 1000.
What Is A Klystron? And How Does It
Work?
• f we have a device, which generates a beam of electrons,
we notice that the electrons flow in a smooth steady
stream at a particular uniform velocity.
• The area of the tube that the electron beam travels down is
known as the DRIFT TUBE.
• If we insert, within the beam a grid, we can use this grid to
control the beam.
• As we increase the positive potential on the grid, (the
electrons will be attracted to the grid, and by means of
attraction, will be accellerated.
• On the other hand, should we decrease the potential,
making it more negative, it will have the opposite effect on
the beam, and try to slow down the electrons.
• an experiment:

• We insert two grids,, and apply an alternating current source to the grids,
• such that as one grid swings positive, the other swings negative.
• This would mean that the electrons which are approaching the positive going
grid will be speeding up, as the ones approaching the negative going grid will
be slowing down.
• As the phase of the AC cycle changes 180 degrees, we have the same effect,
only backwards.
• The result would be a sort of "slinky" effect, where the electron beam is
interrupted, and moves along in bursts.
• This effect is known as VELOCITY MODULATION.
• In German, they say that electrons are moving in "Klystern". (Klyster is the
German word for CLUSTER or BUNCH). Hence, the name Klystron.
• In reality, the grids in our klystron would be
replaced by cavity resonators.
• Klystrons commonly used in Television work
today typically have 4 to 5 cavities.
• Each cavity is individually tuned, and
electromagnets are placed between cavities
for focusing purposes.
• A power amplifier tube used to amplify weak microwave energy
(provided by a radio- frequency exciter) to a high power level for a
radar transmitter.
• A klystron is characterized by high power, large size, high stability,
high gain, and high operating voltages.
• Electrons are formed into a beam that is velocity modulated by the
input waveform to produce microwave energy.
• A klystron is sometimes referred to as a linear beam tube because the
direction of the electric field that accelerates the electron beam
coincides with the axis of the magnetic field, in contrast to a crossed-
field tube such as a magnetron.
• Klystrons provide a coherent transmitted signal appropriate for
Doppler radar and pulse-compression applications.
• They are used in many operational radars, for example, NEXRAD (Next
Generation Weather Radar) and TDWR (Terminal Doppler Weather
Radar).
Klystron
In a klystron:
1. The electron gun produces a flow of electrons .
2. The bunching cavities regulate the speed of the
electrons so that they arrive in bunches at the
output cavity.
3. The bunches of electrons excite microwaves in the
output cavity of the klystron.
4. The microwaves flow into the waveguide , which
transports them to the accelerator .
5. The electrons are absorbed in the beam stop.
• Klystrons can be either of the EXTERNAL
CAVITY or of the INTEGRAL CAVITY type.
• They can be air, water, or vapor (steam)
cooled, or some combination of the three.
klystron with 4 external cavities which
is water cooled.
a graphical representation of a 4 cavity
klystron tube.
• In the first cavity (the input cavity), the beam is
excited by the microwave signal intended to be
amplified.
• This generates an alternating signal across the
gap of the cavity.
• The velocity of the electrons passing through the
beam will be modulated with the RF input signal.

• Each of the cavities are successively tuned in such


a way as to reproduce a linear amplified input
signal.
• In the output cavity, otherwise known as the
ultimate cavity, the RF output signal is coupled to
the transmission line and load.
Below is a row of integral (internal) cavity klystrons (5
cavities) which are vapor (steam) cooled. Also notice
that these Klystrons are shown in the standing position.

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