Unit 3 CN
Unit 3 CN
Unit 3 CN
NETWORK LAYER
NETWORK LAYER SERVICES
1.The network layer in the TCP/IP protocol suite is responsible for the host-to
host delivery of datagrams.
2 It provides services to the transport layer and receives services from the
data link layer.
3 .The network layer translates the logical addresses into physical addresses .
4 It determines the route from the source to the destination and also
manages the traffic problems such as switching, routing and controls the
congestion of data packets.
5. The main role of the network layer is to move the packets from sending
host to the receiving host
Design Issues in Network Layer
• The Network layer is majorly focused on getting packets from the source to the
destination, routing error handling, and congestion control. Before learning about
design issues in the network layer, let’s learn about its various functions.
• Addressing: Maintains the address at the frame header of both source and
destination and performs addressing to detect various devices in the network.
• Packeting: This is performed by Internet Protocol. The network layer converts the
packets from its upper layer.
• Routing: It is the most important functionality. The network layer chooses the
most relevant and best path for the data transmission from source to destination.
• Inter-networking: It works to deliver a logical connection across multiple devices.
Services provided by network layer
are
PACKETIZING
• The network layer is responsible for routing the packet from its source to
the destination.
• The network layer is responsible for finding the best one among these
possible routes.
• The network layer needs to have some specific strategies for defining the
best route.
• Routing is the concept of applying strategies and running routing protocols
to create the decision-making tables for each router. These tables are called
as routing tables.
Forwarding
• The network layer in the Internet does not directly provide error
control.
• It adds a checksum field to the datagram to control any corruption in
the header, but not in the whole datagram.
• This checksum prevents any changes or corruptions in the header of
the datagram.
• The Internet uses an auxiliary protocol called ICMP(Internet Control
Message Protocol), that provides some kind of error control if the
datagram is discarded or has some unknown information in the
header.
FLOW CONTROL
• Flow control regulates the amount of data a source can send without
overwhelming the receiver.
• The network layer in the Internet, however, does not directly provide
any flow control.
• The datagrams are sent by the sender when they are ready, without
any attention to the readiness of the receiver.
• Flow control is provided for most of the upper-layer protocols that
use the services of the network layer, so another level of flow control
makes the network layer more complicated and the whole system less
efficient.
CONGESTION CONTROL
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