ANSWERING TECHNIC

OBJECTIVE

ALYZA BINTI AWANG

CHEMISTRY 4541/2 PAPER 2

Copyright, 1996 Dale Carnegie & Associates, Inc.

OBJECTIVE
DISCUSS a few aspects including the needs of a question and finding the key words for answering this question

EXAM FORMAT FOR SPM CHEMISTRY PAPERS

PAPER Item PAPER 1 (4541/1)
Objective question Multiple choice & Multiple combination

PAPER 2 (4541/2)
Structured ques: Section A Limited response ques: Section B Open response ques: Section C

PAPER 3 (4541/3) Structured question & open response question

PAPER Number of question

PAPER 1 PAPER 2 (4541/1) (4541/2) 50 Section A (Answer all) 6 questions (answer all) Section B 2 questions (choose one) Section C 2 questions (choose one)

PAPER 3 (4541/3) 1-2 questions (answer all) Design and planning the experiment 1 question (compulsory)

PAPER

PAPER 1 (4541/1)

PAPER 2 (4541/2)

PAPER 3 (4541/3)

Total marks

50

100

50

PAPER

PAPER 1 (4541/1)

PAPER 2 (4541/2) Written in the space provided in the question paper

PAPER 3 (4541/3) Written in the space provided in the question paper

Ways to Marked on response OMR form

Duration of time

1 hour 15 minutes

2 hour 30 minutes

1 hour 30 minutes

PAPER

PAPER 1 (4541/1) Knowledge: 20 questions

PAPER 2 (454/2)

PAPER 3 (4541/3)

Construct

Science Knowledge : 14% process Understanding:21% skills: Understanding: Application : 29% 13 science 15 questions Analysing : 21 % Synthesising : 15% process skills Application:
20 questions

Analysis of the SPM Chemistry Paper 2 (2002-2009)

CHAPTER
2.The Structure of the Atom 3.Chemical formulae 4. Periodic Table of elements 5. Chemical Bonds 6.Electrochemistry 7. Acids and Bases 8. Salts 9. Manufactured substances in industry

YEAR
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
S-1 S-1
S-1/2

S-1

E-1 S-1 S-1 S1/2

S-1 E-1

S-1 E-1 E-1

S-1 E-2 E-1/2

S-1 S-1

S1/2

E-1

S-1 S-1

S-1/2 E-1/2

E-1 E1/2

E-1 S-1 S-1 E-1

S-1/2

E-1 1 S-1

S-1 E-1

E-1 S-1

E1/2

S-1

Analysis of the SPM Chemistry Paper 2 (2002-2009

CHAPTER
2002 10. Rate of Reaction 11. Carbon Compounds 1 2003 E-1 2004

YEAR
2005 E-1 2006 S1/2 S-1 E-1 2007 2008 2009 S-1

S-1

S-1 E-1 E-1 E-1

S-1 E-1 E-1

12. Oxidation And Reduction 13. Thermochemistry 14. Chemical for Consumer

S-1

S-1

S-1

S-1

S-1 S-1 S-1 S-1

E-1

S-1

E-1

S-1

S-1

Knowledge Question
1. Which of the following is an unsaturated hydrocarbon? A. Alkene B. Alcohol C. Alkane D. Carboxylic acid -A

2.

Process x

Which of the following is process X? A Melting B Boiling C Freezing D Condensation B

Understanding Question
1 mol of oxygen and 1 mol of carbon dioxide have (Relatif atomic mass of C = 12 and O= 16) A. the same mass B. the same number of electrons C. the same number of atoms D. the number of molecules D Oxygen and carbon dioxide exists as an O2 and CO2 molecule .

Understanding Question
Which of the following is the function of an analgesic? A. B. C. D. to calm down the emotion of the patient to treat asthma to relieve pain to destroy bacteria C

Application Question
14 12

X
6

Y
6

Symbols of elements X and Y above show that atom X and Y I are different elements in the same group II are different elements in the same period III are isotopes IV have the same number of neutrons A I only B III only C I and IV only D I, III and IV only B X and Y have the same number of protons and are of the same element. Because X and Y have different number of neutrons, X and Y are isotopes

ENTER

Spelling must be correct

ENTER

i. Name the substance /element / particles /

oxides formed (Magnesium , oxide ion , Magnesium oxide) ii. Name the process occur (boiling) iii. Name the type of particles (atom, ion, molecule)
iv. Name the state of matter at

(solid, liquid, gas)

(a) What is the name of this process? Contact process (b) State the name of catalyst X. Vanadium (v) oxide
(i
2S2O7 (x)

(SPM 2007)

Palm oil + Sodium hydroxide

Substance X + Soap

a) What is the name of this process? Saponification (b) State the name of substance X. Glyserol

Name the ions in copper (II) sulphate solution

(SPM 2005)

i. Cu+2 , H+ , SO42- , OHii. Copper ions , hydrogen ion Sulphate ion , Hydroxide ion iii. Copper (II) ions , hydrogen ion Sulphate ion , Hydroxide ion

Give only short answers but accurate. No explanation

ENTER

Compound Melting Point (0 C)

Boiling Point (0 C)

Solubility in water

Solubility in organic compound

U V
SPM 2010

800 -95

1420 86

soluble Insoluble

Insoluble Soluble

(i) State the physical state of the following compounds at room temperature U : Solid V : Liquid

(ii) State the type of compound for u Ionic compound

Give only short answers but accurate. No explanation

ENTER

What is the meaning of melting point.

The constant temperature at which a solid changes into liquid at a particular presure.

ENTER

What is the meaning of empirical formula? The chemical formula which shows the simplest ratio of atoms of the elements present in a compound
Spm 2007

State the meaning of alloy .

spm 2009

A mixture two or more elements in a fixed composition where the main element is a metal
ENTER

4 WRITE THE FORMULAE

(a) Write the formula for potassium sulphate

K2SO4 KSO4 Ca2SO4

(a) Write the formula for sodium sulphate

Na2SO4

1. H2O / H2O / H2o 2. NaCl / NaCL / NaCl CaCl2

3. Ca+2 + Cl-

EQUATIONS Chemical equations Ionic equations

Na (s) + H2O (s)

NaOH (s) + H2 (s)

Mark 1 correct formula for reactant and product Second mark balance the equation

Ionic equation

Mg + Cu2+
2Fe2+ + Cl2

Mg2+ + Cu
2Fe3+ + 2Cl-

Br2 + 2l-

2Br- + 2I

 equation

Cu2+ + 2e
4OH- - 4e

Cu
2H2O + O2

4OH-

2H2O + O2 + 4e

Electrolysis of dilute sodium chloride solution

Write the equation for the reaction occurs at cathode?

2H+ +

2e
Anode

H2
Cathode

OH

ClH+

Na

Aqueous NaCl

Are you sleeping?

Are you learning?

The result of an act

Seeing and listening are key to The state observation
The sound The colour

COLOUR
The The The The blue solution grey shining surface brown solid colourless solution (water)

Observe colour changes of salt

Observe water vapor liberated

Observe the gases liberated

The gas liberated turns the lime water chalky (White precipitate form) The residue formed is brown solid when it is hot and yellow when cold.

Moves slowly on water surface. Burns with a red flame. A colourless solution is obtained which turns red litmus blue.

Burn very vigorously with brilliant purple flame

Anode

Cathode

Carbon
Electrode

What will happen to the colour of the electrolyte?

Copper (II) Sulphate solution

The blue colour of copper (II) Sulphate solution turn to colourless * Colourless

TIPS 5

Correct term spelling

You are required to elaborate and reason out on the way and how the process is

ENTER

State which is more electronegative, sodium or chlorine. Explain your answer

spm 2010

Chlorine, because it is place in group 17 Chlorine because the strong nucleus atraction on the valance electrons

Sodium will donate one electron to achieve stable octet electron arrangements and form Sodium ion Chlorine atom accept one electron from the sodium atom to achieve stable octet electron arrangements and form Chlorine ion

+
Na atom

Cl atom

Na ion

Cl ion

The formation of sodium chloride (NaCl)

Sodium atom donate one electron to achieve stable octet electron arrangements. Chlorine atom accept one electron from the sodium atom to achieve stable octet electron arrangements. Then, the ions are held together by the attraction of opposite charges.

DIAGRAM
cork shade Heating process delivery tube apparatus support Function LABEL

GRAPH
Identify the horizontal Write the variables with the correct units Plot all the points with the specified range of values Draw a smooth graph and it passes through all the points

Energy level diagram

Energy
Ag+ + Cl-

H= -

AgCl

Lead (II) bromide

Carbon electrod

8.Calculate

The answers must be inclusive with the calculation and a correct unit

TIPS 8

CHEMICALTEST
PROCEDURE MATERIALS
OBSERVATION

TIPS 9

CALCULATION
STEPS RIGHT UNIT

2Mg(NO3)2

2MgO +4NO2 + O2

If 3.7 g of magnesium nitrate is completely decomposed, calculate i. the mass of the residue formed 2Mg(NO3)2 2MgO Number of moles of magnesium nitrate = 3.7 (24+(14+16x3)x2) = 0.025 mol Number of moles of magnesium oxide = 0.025 mol Mass of magnesium oxide = 0.025x 40g =1g

TIPS 10

STATEMENT
COMPLETE CONCEPT SIMPLE LANGUAGE UMUM NOT SPECIFICT

Why is a polystyrene cup used in the experiment ? ( Heat of precipitate) To reduce the heat loss to the surroundings To prevent the heat loss to the surroundings

Graf
Paksi-paksinya mesti berlabel dengan betul dan berunit seperti dalam jadual Melukis graf - di atas kertas graf - Skala yang sesuai digunakan - lebih daripada setengah muka surat digunakan.(75 %) - Titik-titik diplotkan dengan betul - Garis melalui atau hampir dengan semua titik - Licin - Paksi dilabel Melakar graf - tak perlu gunakan kertas graf - lakarkan bentuk graf yang betul dan ciri- ciri graf yang penting. Kalau paksi-paksi yang sama digunakan untuk melukis dua graf, kedua-dua graf mesti dilabel atau dapat dibezakan.

Kelarutan garam dalam air

- Semua garam nitrat larut - Semua garam K, Na, NH4 larut - Semua garam Karbonat X K, Na, NH4 - Semua garam klorida larut Pb, Ag, Hg - Semua garam Sulfat larut kecuali Pb, Ba, Ca

kecuali kecuali

KEFAHAMAN DALAM KIMIA

Apakah nama bagi sebatian di atas Mengapa penggunaan detergen sebagai bahan pencuci lebih baik dari sabun No. atom unsur X16, di manakah letaknya unsur X dalam Jadual Berkala Unsur

KEMAHIRAN MENGAPLIKASI
Barapakah kepekatan asid sulfurik yang perlu digunakan jika 10 cm3 asid itu dapat meneutralkan 0.02 mol natrium hidroksida Susunan e E 2.4, F 2.6 Lukiskan susunan elektron dalam sebatian terbentuk Antara berikut yang manakah formula bagi sebatian tak tepu

KEMAHIRAN MENGANALISIS
Anda dibekalkan dengan asid hidroklorik dan natrium hidroksida . Huraikan bagaimana anda dapat menguji kehadiran ion zink

KEMAHIRAN MENSINTESIS
Susunan e bagi Z,2.8.2 Q,2.8.6 R, 2.8.7. Terangkan dari segi susunan elektron bagaimana sebatian dari R dan Z terbentuk Lukis gambar rajah susunan elektron dalam sebatian terbentuk Huraikan bagaimana anda dapat menjalankan eksperimen untuk menukarkan etena kepada etanol

TIPS 4

WARNA
SATU WARNA BUKAN BANDINGAN TAMBAHAN SIFAT WARNA AIR

TIPS 6

GAMBAR
GABUS LOREK PEMANASAN SALUR RADAS SOKONGAN BERFUNGSI LABEL

RAJAH

TIPS 7

PEMERHATIAN
WARNA KEADAAN PERUBAHAN BUKAN NAMA

TIPS 8

UJIAN
KAEDAH NAMA BAHAN PEMERHATIAN

TIPS 9

PENGIRAAN
LANGKAH UNIT

TIPS 10

KENYATAAN
LENGKAP KONSEP BAHASA UMUM TAK TEPAT

Jenis soalan:
Namakan - beri jawapan dalam bentuk nama (sesuatu bahan atau hasil tindak balas) Nyatakan - tulis jawapan terus Memberi maksud beri maksud sesuatu istilah dengan tepat. Terangkan - nyatakan dengan memberi sebab Huraikan - memberi jawapan dengan sistematik( m.s langkah-langkah eksperimen) Kirakan - memberi jawapan berangka dengan langkahlangkah penghitungan Bandingkan memberi kesamaan dan perbezaan antara keuda-dua yang dibandingkan itu. Ramalkan berdasarkan pengetahuan yang sedia ada, buat ramalan tentang apa yang dikehendaki oleh soalan. Bincangkan menerangkan dan menghuraikan semua aspek yang berkaitan dengan pokok soalan

Ujian Kimia

Huraikan kaedah secara ringkas ( tambahkan, campurkan, titikkan, alirkan, bawakan) Beri bahan uji yang digunakan dan keadaannya : kayu uji berbara, kayu uji menyala, larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid. Nyatakan pemerhatian yang betul

Cara menulis pemerhatian

Pepejal (mendakan / enapan) dihasilkan - mesti nyatakan warna ( larut atau tidak dalam berlebihan larutan natrium hidroksida atau ammonia) Gelembung gas atau gas dengan menyatakan warna gas kalau ada Perubahan warna - dari (warna asal) ke (warna akhir)

Menulis persamaan
Bezakan jenis persamaan yang dikehendaki oleh soalan persamaan kimia, persamaan ion , persamaan untuk setengah tindak balas atau persamaan termokimia Semua persamaan mesti seimbang (persamaan ion mesti seimbang juga dari segi cas) Tak perlu tunjukkan keadaan fizik ( kalau tunjukkan, semua mesti betul) Nombor yang digunakan untuk mengimbangkan persamaan tak perlu nombor bulat Elakkan kesilapan menulis persamaan apabila dikehendaki formula

Gambarajah
mesti berfungsi ( * ) mesti berlabel - radas yang penting dan semua bahan yang digunakan Larutan - permukaan diwakili oleh garis lurus, kandungan diwakili oleh garis terputus / titik Gabus - sebahagian diluar mulut tabung ( tabung uji / didih / pembakaran ) Arah pengaliran air dalam Kondensar Leidbig dalam penyulingan dan dalam proses refluks adalah berlainan Salur getah ( atau kaca ) tidak mencecah takung/melebihi paras air sokongan

Radas

SOALAN STRUKTUR
Jawab semua soalan Baca soalan dengan teliti- tandakan kehendak soalan Jawab yang ditanya Terus tulis jawapan- jangan ulang soalan Guna 10 tips

Soalan Esei ( Eksp )

boleh dijawab dalam bentuk point, asalkan maksud penting dan istilah-istilah yang tepat ada digunakan menghuraikan eksperimen - Senarai radas - Senarai bahan kimia - Kemahiran merangka eksperimen - langkah -langkah kerja mengikut turutan yang betul. - kuantiti bahan mesti dinyatakan : pepejal - 5g, satu spatula larutan - 50 cm3, 2 mol dm-3 - nyatakan keputusan/pemerhatian - tunjukkan pengiraan /graf

TEKNIK MENJAWAB SOALAN STRUKTUR

BACA SOALAN STUDY GAMBAR RAJAH/JADUAL GARIS FAKTA/ DATA JAWAB JANGAN ULANG SOALAN BERI YANG DIMINTA POINT IKUT MARKAH IKUT TIPS JANGAN LEBIH