Web Technology

Unit -1

Introduction to Internet & It’s Protocols

By:

Dr. Vipin Kumar

Associate Processor,
Department of Computer Applications,
KIET Group of Institutions, NCR, Ghaziabad, UP, India
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 What is Internet?
• Internet is a decentralized network.
• It is network of networks.
• It is the medium to exchange information using
standard Internet Protocols.

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 WWW(World Wide Web)?
• It is an information space where documents and other web
resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs),
interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the
Internet. English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World
Wide Web in 1989.

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 HTTP Protocol
• HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the set of rules for
transferring files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other
multimedia files) on the WWW.
• As soon as a Web user opens their Web Browser, the user is
indirectly making use of HTTP.
• HTTP is an application protocol that runs on top of
the TCP/IP suite of protocols (the foundation protocols for the
Internet).

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 HTTP Protocol
• The term HTTP was coined by Ted Nelson.
• The standard port for HTTP connections is port 80.
• HTTP/0.9 was the first version of the HTTP, and was introduced
in 1991.
• HTTP/1.0 is specified in RFC 1945, and was introduced in 1996.
• HTTP/1.1 is specified in RFC 2616, and was officially released in
January 1997.

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 HTTPS Protocol
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, HTTPS is a protocol which
uses HTTP on a connection encrypted by transport-layer security.
HTTPS is used to protect transmitted data from eavesdropping.
• HTTPS uses port 443 to transfer its information.
• HTTPS is first used in HTTP/1.1 and is defined in RFC 2616.

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 HTTP Request & Response

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 Web Browser?
• A browser is a software application used to locate, retrieve and display
content on the WWW, including Web pages, images, video and other files.
• As a client/server model, the browser is the client run on a computer that
contacts the Web server and requests information. The Web server sends
the information back to the Web browser which displays the results on the
computer or other Internet-enabled device that supports a browser.
• A mobile browser, also called a micro-browser, is optimized to display Web
content on mobile device.

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 List of Web Browsers
• Internet Explorer
• Firefox
• Opera
• Chrome
• Safari

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 Web Server?
• A Web server is a system program that uses HTTP to serve the
files that form Web pages to users, in response to their requests,
which are forwarded by their computers' HTTP clients (using
Browser).
• Dedicated computers and appliances that host web sites is also
called Web Servers.

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 List of Web Servers
• Apache from Apache Foundation
• IIS from Microsoft
• nginx (pronounced engine X) from NGNIX.
• NetWare server from Novel.
• Google Web Server (GWS) from Google.
• Domino servers from IBM.

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 Thank You

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 Web Technology
Unit -1
Web Generations & Effective Web Designing
By:
Dr. Vipin Kumar

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 Web 2.0?
• Web 2.0 is term was introduced in 2004 and refers to the 2nd
generation of the WWW.
• Phase started from 2001 to till now is called Web 2.0
• Name given by Tim O’ Reilly
• Web 2.0 is also called Wisdom Web, people centric web,
participative web and read/write web.
• Content creation and its sharing is the core of web 2.0

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 Web 2.0 Features
• Blogs - also known as Web logs, these allow users to post thoughts
and updates about their life on the Web.
• Wikis - sites like Wikipedia and others enable users from around the
world to add and update online content.
• Social networking - sites like Facebook and MySpace allow users to
build and customize their own profile sand communicate with friends.
• Web applications - a broad range of new applications make it possible
for users to run programs directly in a Web browser.

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 Web 3.0?
• Till now Web 2.0 is not finished and a new Web 3.0 has arrived
with semantic technology.
• Web 3.0 means “Personalization of The Web”. OR In other words
Web 3.0 will be about feeding the information that you want,
and when you want.
• Web 3.0 is mainly under developing by W3C to become a reality.
• RDF, SPARQL & OWL are the main technologies to be used in
Web 3.0

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 Web Design?
• Web design is a process of conceptualizing, planning, and building
a collection of electronic files that determine the layout, colors,
text styles, structure, graphics, images, and use of interactive
features that deliver pages to your site visitors.
• Professional Web design helps to make your business appear
credible online.

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 Concepts of Effective Web Design
• Purpose: Why developing web site?
• Communication: Make information easy to read and digest.
• Typefaces: Font selection should be clear.
• Colours: Colour combination should be according to web sites.
• Images: Related or clear image selection.
• Navigation: Should follow “three click rule” which means users will
be able to find information they are looking for within three clicks.

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 Concepts of Effective Web Design
• Grid Based Layouts: Do not randomized contents, use grid based layout to
arrange content into sections, columns, and boxes.
• “F” Pattern Design: Follow left to right and top to bottom design pattern is
called F pattern.
• Load Time: Used CSS, JavaScript, JQuery type technologies to make web site
load time fast.
• Mobile Friendly: It is now commonplace to access websites from multiple
devices with multiple screen size, so it is important to consider if your website is
mobile friendly. Use framework to make responsive website like bootstrap etc.

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 Web Design Issues
• Browser Issues
– Web sites are not default compatible on all browser.
– We have to write separate code for all browser on which we want to run web site.
– Some web page open good on chrome or some on Firefox. We have to check it while web development
process and try to make web site as much as responsive that it should automatically check on which
browser it is opening and response according to that browser.
• Bandwidth and Cache Issues
– For hosting web sites, we need large bandwidth as much as web site need.
– Heavy loaded web sites must have large bandwidth.
– Before hosting web site, we have to pre-checked how much bandwidth is required for web site. Not only
that time to time we have to analysis and arrange bandwidth according to load on web site.
– If we cannot increase bandwidth by some reason than we may have cache server to overcome
bandwidth need for that web site.

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 Web Design Issues
• Display Resolution Issues
– Resolution is the biggest issue in web site development.
– Each and every device have different display or resolution setting.
– Good web site should be responsive. Responsive web site automatically adjust it display or
resolution according to screen size.
• Look and Feel Issues
– Look and Feel of web site should be selected as per the purpose or goal of web site
development.
– Good web site look and feel always match with its purpose.
– It is also biggest issues to match look and feel of web site according to goal of web site
development.

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 Web Design Issues
• Page Layout and Linking Issues
– Page layout and linking is also an issues in web development.
– Page layout and linking of web page should be according to the goal of web site
development.
– Only web site goal oriented web page should be layout and linked for develop web
site.
• User Centric Design Issues
– Web site design should be interactive and user friendly.
– User friendly web design is plus point in web site popularity like Windows operating
system is more user friendly as compare to Linux (but Linux is more secure).

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 Web Design Issues
• Sitemap Issues
– Web site should have Sitemap.
– It should be clear and concise.
• Planning and Publishing Issues
– Publishing of web site should be with proper planning.
– When, Where and How are three questions for web site publishing that
should be clear before hosting or publishing web site.

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 Web Design Issues
• Designing Effective Navigation Issues
– Navigation should be user centric and user friendly.
– It should be clear and concise.
– It should be proper and complete.
– Web page linking in navigation should be according to goal of web site.

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 Assignment Questions
• How WWW is different from Internet?
• What is role of HTTP in WWW?
• Explain HTTP request and response model.
• Differentiate HTTP with HTTPS.
• What is the role of Web Browser? Give the name of 5 browsers.
• What is use of Web Server? Give at least 5 web server name.
• Compare Web 2.0 with Web 3.0.
• Explain the concepts of effective web designing.
• How web designing issues affect web development process. Explain with proper
examples.

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 Thank You

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