Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1 views

    PC Based 1 Communication Protocols - 2024-25 - Report

    Uploaded by

    eslamasar777

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    PC Based 1 Communication Protocols - 2024-25 - Report

    Uploaded by

    eslamasar777
    1 views19 pages

    Original Title

    PC Based 1 Communication Protocols - 2024-25_Report

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    1 views19 pages

    PC Based 1 Communication Protocols - 2024-25 - Report

    Uploaded by

    eslamasar777

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 19

    Communication

    Protocols
    Parallel Communication
    Serial Communication
    Classification of
    Communication Protocols
     According to communication medium:
     Wired
     Wireless
     According to channel:
     Simplex: data sent in one direction only.
     Half duplex: two-way transfer, but only in one direction at a time
     Full duplex: send and receive data simultaneously.
    Classification of Communication
    Protocols

    According to synchronization:
    Synchronous (SPI – I2C):
    In synchronous communication, both the
    transmitter and receiver share a common
    clock. Thus, one line is assigned to the
    clock.
    Asynchronous (UART)
    Definitions
     Bit Rate bit/Sec --- bits transmitted in one sec
     Buad Rate Baud/Sec --- signal transmitted in
    one sec

    Most Cases
    1 Baud = 1 Bit
     Frame
     Protocol
    The RS 232
     RS-232: Recommended Standard 232

     Also called: “serial port” or COM port.

     Used to be a common interface to connect computer to


    other devices.

     Note: most modern laptops do not have serial port!


    7
    UART = Universal Asynchronous
    Receiver Transmitter
    UART
    A Character Frame Consists of:
     The line is initially HIGH (no transmission).
     Start bit: the bit which signals the receiver that data
    is coming.
     Data bits: amount of actual data in a packet (5, 7, or
    8 bits).
     Parity: It's used for error checking in serial
    communication. There are two types of parity: even
    and odd. The option of no parity is also available.
     Stop bit: is used to indicate the end of a single
    packet. Typical values are 1, 1.5, and 2 bits. The stop
    bits not only indicate the end of transmission but also
    give the computers some room for error in the clock
    speeds. 10
    Connecting two PCs

     To connect two PCs, the


    simplest way is to connect
     Pin 2 & Pin 3
     Pin 3 & Pin 2
     Pin 5 & Pin5

     This can be done with a


    cross cable.

     After that we should use a


    suitable software to
    implement the serial 11

    communications.
    Connecting two microcontrollers
    (µC)
    By the same way.

    12
    Connecting a PC to a
    µC
    • This case is more difficult because The RS 232 logic levels
    are different from the (TTL 0&5V) levels.

    • The region between +3 and -3 volts is undefined.


    • The serial port in the µC uses a unit called the UART
    which uses 0 and 5V logic levels.
    • Due to differences in logic levels, we need to use a
    converter, e.g. MAX 232 IC.
    13
    Connecting a PC to a
    µC

    14
    USB to TTL Converter
    Tx and Rx must agree on:

    1) The transmission rate (bit rate)


    By adjusting the same bit rate in both transmitter and receiver, they
    can adjust the time of each bit and get the data correctly.

    2) The number of data bits encoding a character

    3) The optional parity bit

    4) The number of stop bits

    16
    Numerical Example
    Assume that the bit rate is 9600 bit/sec (bps). Find the time
    interval of one bit. How many bytes can be sent in one second if
    there is one start and one stop bits?

    Answer:

     Interval of one bit = 1/9600 = 104 μsec.

     To send 8 bits of data, we need to transmit additional 1 start +


    1 stop bit for a total of 10 bits. Hence we can send 9600/10 =
    960 Byte/sec. 17
    Serial port in Arduino

    18
    Report:
    Serial Read and
    Write?

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy