TENSES

The term ‘tense’ is defined as “any of the forms of a verb that may be
used to show the time of the action or state expressed by the verb.”
The three tenses in English are:

Present Tense Past Tense

Future Tense

•Simple Future Tense

•Simple Present Tense •Simple Past Tense Form
•Past Continuous Tense Form
Form
•Future Continuous Tense
•Present Continuous Tense Form
•Past Perfect Tense Form Form
Form
•Future Perfect Tense
•Present Perfect Tense •Past Perfect Continuous
Form
Form Tense Form
•Future Perfect
•Present Perfect
Continuous Tense Form
Continuous Tense Form
SIMPLE PRESENT
TENSE
 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
• Subject + Base Form of Verb (+s/es for third person singular)

• When the verb defines/denotes an activity that is going on in the present time or is a
regular event, then the verb is said to be in the simple present tense.

• One of the instances simple present tense is used in sentences is to speak about habitual
actions or habits of anyone.

• Raj eats bread and butter before going to school.

• Emma watches cartoons every day.
• Izzy drinks milk every night before going to bed.
• Johnny goes to the gym daily.
• We go to school daily.
• Smita reads the newspaper every day.
• When general statements or universal truths are mentioned, the verb
used should be the simple present tense.

• The Sun rises in the East.

• It rains heavily during the monsoons.
• The planets revolve around the Sun.
• The United States of America’s President stays in the White House.
• Bears hibernate during the winter.
• The President of India commands the Indian Army
• Simple Present Tense Examples Used to Denote Repeated
Events/Actions.

• In sentences where actions/events take place repeatedly, the verb used

in those sentences will take the simple present tense form.

• I watch movies on Sundays.

• Penny comes by car to the office.
• Sam always takes Robles avenue while travelling.
• The milkman delivers milk cartons every day.
• The garbage van comes after every two days
Simple Present Tense Examples Used to Denote Directions or Instructions

To talk about directions or instructions, the simple present tense form of the verb is used.

•Open your books and turn to page 120.

•You can board the bus from 2nd Avenue.
•Go straight from here on.
•Take the first right from the main junction.
•Move to the next line as soon as you hear the comma

•If the word ends with ch, sh, s, x, or z, use es to make it plural .
 Negative
Interrogati
Positive Negative Interrogati
ve
ve
Subject +
Don’t/
Do not/Does Do/Does +
Subject + Doesn’t +
not Subject +
Verb Subject +
(Don’t/Does Verb
Verb
n’t) + Verb
Example: Example:
Example: Example:
She does Doesn’t
She likes Does she
not like she like
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
TENSE
 Structure of the Present Continuous Tense

Subject + am/is/are + present participle (verb+ing) + the rest of the sentence.

What are the uses of the present continuous tense?

The present continuous tense can be used to talk about an action that
•is happening or progressing in the moment that the speaker is speaking.
•depicts a future event or arrangement.
•is going on or continuing at the time of speaking.
 Uses of the Present Continuous Tense
• Like the simple present tense, the present continuous tense is also generally used to talk about an action that is

taking place in the present. The only difference is that it denotes an action that is continuing to happen or

progressing at the current moment.

• Take a look at the following points that elaborate on the more specific uses of the present continuous tense.
• It is used to represent an action that is happening or progressing in the moment that the speaker is speaking.
For example:
• My son is working on his science project.
• Santana is singing Don’t Rain on my Parade.
It is used to depict a future event or arrangement.
• For example:
• What are you planning to do tomorrow?
• I heard that Rachel is moving to Paris next month.
It is used to denote an action that is going on or continuing at the time of speaking.
• For example:
• Is she still working at the National Institute of Medical Sciences?
• I am currently taking guitar lessons so that I could play for your wedding.
Structure of the Present Continuous Tense
Positive Negative Interrogative Negative
Interrogative
Subject + am/is/are + Subject + am/is/are + Am/is/are + subject + Isn’t/aren’t + subject
present participle not + present present participle + present participle
(verb+ing) + the rest participle (verb+ing) (verb+ing) + the rest (verb+ing) + the rest
of the sentence + the rest of the of the sentence of the sentence
sentence (Or)
Am/is/are + subject +
not + present
participle (verb+ing)
+ the rest of the
sentence
Examples: Examples: Examples: Examples:
•I am reading a •I am not reading a •Am I reading a •Am I not reading a
newspaper. newspaper. newspaper? newspaper?
•You are doing it •You are not doing it •Are you doing it •Are you not
wrong. wrong. wrong? doing it
•He is •He is not •Is he playing tennis wrong? / Aren’t you
playing tennis. playing tennis. ? doing it wrong?
•Is he not
PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE
 Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense refers to activities that are already done/completed in the immediate
past, i.e. just finished/completed. It can be formed in the following way:

Subject + Have/Has + Past participle form of the verb + the rest of the sentence

Examples of present perfect tense are as follows.

•Raj has just gone out to the market.

•The clock has just struck twelve.
•We have gone for a walk.
•Toby has eaten all the cookies. (i.e. none is left for you to eat)
•My mother has cut her finger. (i.e. now it’s bleeding)
•I have done all my homework.
•I have been in Pune for one week.
•Julia has completed her degree from Delhi University.
Uses of the Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect tense can be used

•To denote an action or event that happened or started in the past and still has its impact or
some connection to the subject in the present.

•To indicate an action that happened in the past and continues to occur in the present.

•To connect the events of the present to the events that happened in the past
Examples of Present Perfect Tense

Pronouns / Nouns Examples

I I have worked as a teacher for two
years.
You You have worked as a teacher for two
years.
We We have worked as teachers for two
years.
He He has worked as a teacher for two
years.
She She has worked as a teacher for two
years.
They They have worked as teachers for two
years.
It It has been here the whole time.
Singular noun Michael has worked as a teacher for two
years.
Present Perfect
Continuous
Tense
 Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Subject + have/has + been + present participle (verb + ing) + the rest of the sentence

The Present Perfect Continuous Tense – Uses

The present perfect continuous tense can be used for the following reasons:

•It can be used to represent the progress of an unfinished action that started in the past until now.
•It can be used to depict a finished action that started in the past and just stopped recently.
•It can also be used to denote a temporary or habitual action that started in the past and continues in
the present.
Examples of Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Pronouns / Nouns Examples
I I have been working as a doctor for two
years.
You You have been working as a doctor for
two years.
We We have been working as doctors for
two years.
He He has been working as a doctor for two
years.
She She has been working as a doctor for
two years.
They They have been working as doctors for
two years.
It It has been raining for a week now.

Singular noun Firoz has been working as a doctor for

two years.
Plural noun Manoj and Dheeraj have been
Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Continuous Tense

The present perfect tense is used to The present perfect continuous tense,
represent actions or events that have on the other hand, is used to depict an
started and completed in the recent action or event that started in the
past and still have its effect in the recent past and is still continuing at the
present. time when the speaker is referring to it.

For example: Preethi has worked as For example: Preethi has been
an English teacher for two years. working as an English teacher for two
years.
The above sentence means that Preethi The above sentence means that Preethi
has worked as a teacher for two years has been working as a teacher for two
and works or does not work as a years and is still working as a teacher
teacher anymore. now.
Structure of the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Positive Negative Interrogative Negative Interrogative
Subject + have/has + been + Subject + have/has + not + Have/has + subject + been + Have/has + subject + not +
present participle + the rest been + present participle + present participle + the rest been + present participle +
of the sentence the rest of the sentence of the sentence the rest of the sentence
(or)
Haven’t / hasn’t + subject +
been + present participle +
the rest of the sentence

Examples: Examples: Examples: Examples:

•I have been working on this •I have not been working on •Have I been working on this •Haven’t I been working on
project for a week. this project for a week. project for a week? this project for a week?
•You have been working on •You have not been •Have you been working on •Haven’t you been
this project for a week. working on this project for a this project for a week? working on this project for a
•He has been working on this week. •Has he been working on this week?
project for a week. •He has not been working on project for a week? •Hasn’t he been working on
•She has been working on this project for a week. •Has she been working on this project for a week?
this project for a week. •She has not been this project for a week? •Hasn’t she been working on
•They have been working on working on this project for a •Have they been working on this project for a week?
this project for a week. week. this project for a week? •Haven’t they been
•They have not been working on this project for a
working on this project for a week?
week. •Have you not been
working on this project for a
week?
•Has she not been
working on this project for a
week?
•Has he not been working on
 Structure of Present Tense

Simple present Present continuous Present perfect Present Perfect

tense tense tense Continuous Tense

Subject + base Subject + am/is/are Subject Subject + have/has

form of the + present + have/has + + been + present

verb/verb + s/es participle (verb + past participle participle

(if needed) + rest ing) + the rest of the (third form of (verb+ing) +

of the sentence. sentence the verb) + rest of since/for (if needed)

the sentence. + the rest of the

If the word sentence.

Structure of Present Tense

Present Continuous Present Perfect

Simple Present Tense Present Perfect Tense
Tense Continuous Tense

Subject + Helping Verb Subject + Have/Has +

Subject + Verb in the Subject + Helping (have/has) + Past Been + Verb+ing
base form/third person Verb(am/is/are) + Main participle of the main +since/for (if needed) + the
plural form + the rest of verb+ing + the rest of verb + the rest of the
the sentence the sentence sentence along with the rest of the sentence.
time frame

Example: They have

Example: Tharun is
been waiting for you for
Example: I go to school watching a movie. Example: Venu has left
a long time.
everyday. They are planning a the hall
Archana has been
He plays cricket. birthday party for their I have reached home.
checking her phone
friend.
every now and then.
PAST TENSE
 TYPES OF PAST
TENSE
The past tense has four different forms to indicate the varied nature of actions that happened
in the past. They are:

•Simple Past Tense – used to indicate an action or event that happened in the past.

•Past Continuous Tense – used to depict an action or event that was continuing in the past.

•Past Perfect Tense – used to represent an event or action that happened in the past before

another event or action that happened in the past.

•Past Perfect Continuous Tense – used to denote an action or event that was taking place in the

past until another action or event happened in the past.

 STRUCTURE OF PAST TENSE.
Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect
Tense Tense Tense Continuous
Tense
Subject + Verb + Subject + Helping Subject + Helping Subject + Had +
ed / verb in the Verb(was/were) Verb (had) + Been +
past tense + the + Main Past participle of Verb+ing + the
rest of the verb+ing + the the main verb + rest of the
sentence rest of the the rest of the sentence
sentence sentence along
with the time
frame
For example: For example: For example: For example:
Nathan met me at It was raining. Tony had Sharan had been
the park. eaten his dinner practising the
before we reached guitar when the
the venue. teacher called for
him.
Base Verb Past Form of the Verb Past Participle Form of
the Verb

Check Checked Checked

Reach Reached Reached

Teach Taught Taught

Sing Sang Sung

Buy Bought Bought

Throw Threw Thrown

Sink Sank Sunk

Fly Flew Flown

Dance Danced Danced

Drink Drank Drunk

 SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Referring to an action that happened in the past

•We went to the park yesterday evening.

•I totally forgot about the meeting.
•Manu opened the door for the guests.

Referring to an action that was true for some time in the past

•Karthik played tennis when he was in school.

•Miss Holly worked as a guest lecturer at our college.
•Santana used to love reading fantasy novels when she was younger.

Referring to an action that took place several times in the past

•I worked as an academic counsellor for six months.

•We enjoyed playing Pictionary every time we met.
•My father dropped me at school every day till I entered high school.
Structure of Simple Past Tense

Negative
Positive Negative Interrogative
Interrogative

Subject + Verb in the

past form (II form of
verb)(base form of the
Subject + Didn’t + Did + Subject + Verb Didn’t + Subject +
verb + ed/d for
Verb in the base form in the base form Verb in the base form
regular verbs or past
tense form of the
irregular verbs)

Example: You did not Example: Did you Example: Didn’t you
Example: You spoke
speak really well. speak really well? speak really well?
really well.
I did not have my Did I have my Didn’t I have my
I had my breakfast.
breakfast. breakfast? breakfast?
Positive Negative Interrogative Negative
Interrogative

Subject + Past Subject + Did not / Did + Subject + Didn’t + Subject +

tense form of the Didn’t + Base form Base form of the Base form of the
verb of the verb verb verb

For example: For example: For For

She sang a song. She did not example: Did she example: Didn’t s
sing a song. sing a song? he sing a song?
 PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Past continuous tense refers to/denotes those actions/events that were happening for a particular
time in the past. For example, “Sam was writing a letter to his friend.” Here, ‘was writing’ refers to
an action that Sam was doing in the past.

Subject + Be form (was/were) + verb + (ing ) + object.

•The children were playing in the garden.

•The girls were dancing as the music played.
•The child was eating an apple.
•Trina was going to the library.
•The dog was barking at night.
•The students were not studying for the test.
•They were going to play football.
•My mother was baking a cake for me.
•The birds were chirping in the sky.
 USES OF THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

You want to convey parallel or simultaneous actions.

•Mercy was studying while her mom was cooking breakfast.

•She wasn’t listening properly when I was speaking.

You want to speak about an overlapping action.

•I was watering the plants when my brother came home.
•When Joe was playing cricket, he sprained his ankle.

You want to indicate an action at an overlapping time.

•At five o’clock, I was studying for the Maths exam.
•Yesterday, she was waiting for me in the evening.

You want to emphasise an action or event that was taking place at some point in the past.
•He was working on his project all day.
•My mom was looking for these keys the whole day.

You want to give details about the background of a story.

•When she woke up, the sun was shining, the birds were chirping, and the wind was swirling.
•The children were playing cricket, and the parents were watching happily.
Structure of the Past Continuous Tense
Negative
Positive Negative Interrogative
Interrogative
Wasn’t/weren’t +
subject + present
participle (verb+ing) +
Subject + was/were + Subject + was/were + Was/were + subject +
the rest of the sentence
present participle not + present participle present participle
(Or)
(verb+ing) + the rest (verb+ing) + the rest (verb+ing) + the rest
Was/were + subject +
of the sentence of the sentence of the sentence
not + present participle
(verb+ing) + the rest
of the sentence
Examples:
•Wasn’t I listening to
the news? / Was I not
Examples: listening to the
Examples: Examples:
•I was not listening to news?
•I was listening to the •Was I listening to the
the news. •Weren’t you doing it
news. news?
•You were not doing it again? / Were you not
•You were doing it •Were you doing it
again. doing it again?
again. again?
•He was not driving a •Wasn’t he driving a
•He was driving a car. •Was he driving a car?
car. car? / Was he not
•It was raining when •Was it raining when
•It was not raining driving a car?
you came. you came?
when you came. •Wasn’t it raining
 PAST PERFECT TENSE

Subject + Helping Verb (had) + Past participle of the main verb + the rest of the
sentence along with the time frame.
Past perfect tense refers to an event/action that has already happened/been done before
a certain/specific time in the past

•They had built another house.

•I had worked with Sheldon for five years.
•They had shifted to New York City last summer.
•Leonard had bought a camera for his 25th birthday.
•The children had drawn beautiful pictures.
•I had learnt French in my last year of college.
•My brother had played this game before.
Future Perfect Tense with Examples
 USES OF THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

To indicate the order of more than one past event.

Example 1:
•When my mom arrived, my friends had left.
It can also be written as follows,
•My friends had left when my mom arrived.

Example 2:
•The train had arrived on the second platform when we reached the station. (or)
•When we reached the station, the train had arrived on the second platform.

To denote the time until a certain point in the past.

Examples:
•Annand had completed all eight grades of western music by the time she was 15 years old.
•Had Brian and Courtney arrived when I called you yesterday?

To inform that an action was incomplete and not done at a specific time in the past
when a simple past action took place.
Examples:
•The students had gone for their games period before the teacher could inform them about the assignment they had
to do.
•It was so unfortunate that Finn had died before the series was over.
 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Subject + Had + Been + Verb + ing + the rest of the sentence

The past perfect continuous tense is used to perform two main functions. They are:

To denote an action that has been the cause of another action or event in the past.

To represent an action that started at some point in the past and continued or progressed till a
particular time in the recent past.

• I had been cooking my mom’s favourite dish when she walked into the kitchen.

• I don’t think the place had been functioning well for a very long time before it shut down.

• Ram had been singing for an hour before her mom arrived.

• Sharan had been practising the guitar when the teacher called for him.
 USES PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

Denoting an action that is the cause of another action in the past

•Asha was completely exhausted as she had been travelling continuously for three days.
•George was angry because he had been waiting for them the whole day.

Representing an action that progressed in the past until another action in the past

•Do you know for how long Anita had been working at the college before she moved to
Pollachi?
•I had been waiting to hear from the admissions officer for more than a month before I
applied to other colleges.
FUTURE TENSE
Steal Stole Stolen Steals Stealing

Stick Stuck Stuck Sticks Sticking

Strike Struck Struck Strikes Striking

Sweep Swept Swept Sweeps Sweeping

Swing Swung Swung Swings Swinging

Think Thought Thought Thinks Thinking

Take Took Taken Takes Taking

Teach Taught Taught Teaches Teaching

Throw Threw Thrown Throws Throwing

Tell Told Told Tells Telling

Tear Tore Torn Tears Tearing

Understand Understood Understood Understands Understanding

Wear Wore Worn Wears Wearing

Wake Woke Woken Wakes Waking

Win Won Won Wins Winning

Write Wrote Written Writes Writing

Read Read Read Reads Reading

Rise Rose Risen Rises Rising

Ride Rode Ridden Rides Riding

Send Sent Sent Sends Sending

See Saw Seen Sees Seeing

Set Set Set Sets Setting

Stand Stood Stood Stands Standing

Sit Sat Sat Sits Sitting

Sing Sang Sung Sings Singing

Shrink Shrank Shrunk Shrinks Shrinking

Sink Sank Sunk Sinks Sinking

Shut Shut Shut Shuts Shutting

Sleep Slept Slept Sleeps Sleeping

Shoot Shot Shot Shoots Shooting

Speak Spoke Spoken Speaks Speaking

Shed Shed Shed Sheds Shedding

Spend Spent Spent Spends Spending

Spit Spat Spat Spits Spitting

Split Split Split Splits Splitting

Hurt Hurt Hurt Hurts Hurting

Hide Hid Hidden Hides Hiding

Hang Hung Hung Hangs Hanging

Hear Heard Heard Hears Hearing

Hold Held Held Holds Holding

Kneel Knelt Knelt Kneels Kneeling

Know Knew Known Knows Knowing

Keep Kept Kept Keeps Keeping

Light Lit Lit Lights Lighting

Learn Learnt Learnt Learns Learning

Lean Leant Leant Leans Leaning

Leave Left Left Leaves Leaving

Lead Led Led Leads Leading

Lay Laid Laid Lays Laying

Let Let Let Lets Letting

Lose Lost Lost Loses Losing

Meet Met Met Meets Meeting

Make Made Made Makes Making

Put Put Put Puts Putting

Pay Paid Paid Pays Paying

Run Ran Run Runs Running

Ring Rang Rung Rings Ringing

Cut Cut Cut Cuts Cutting

Cost Cost Cost Costs Costing

Do Did Done Does Doing

Draw Drew Drawn Draws Drawing

Drink Drank Drunk Drinks Drinking

Drive Drove Driven Drives Driving

Dig Dug Dug Digs Digging

Eat Ate Eaten Eats Eating

Feel Felt Felt Feels Feeling

Fall Fell Fallen Falls Falling

Fly Flew Flown Flys Flying

Fight Fought Fought Fights Fighting

Find Found Found Finds Finding

Freeze Froze Frozen Freezes Freezing

Forget Forgot Forgotten Forgets Forgetting

Forgive Forgave Forgiven Forgives Forgiving

Get Got Gotten Gets Getting

Give Gave Given Gives Giving

Go Went Gone Goes Going

Grow Grew Grown Grows Growing

Hit Hit Hit Hits Hitting

Arise Arose Arisen Arises Arising

Awake Awoke Awaken Awakes Awaking

Begin Began Begun Begins Beginning

Bend Bent Bent Bends Bending

Beat Beat Beat Beats Beating

Become Became Become Becomes Becoming

Bind Bound Bound Binds Binding

Bring Brought Brought Brings Bringing

Buy Bought Bought Buys Buying

Blow Blew Blown Blows Blowing

Build Built Built Builds Building

Break Broke Broken Breaks Breaking

Bite Bit Bitten Bites Biting

Catch Caught Caught Catches Catching

Choose Chose Chosen Chooses Choosing

Come Came Come Comes Coming

Regular Verbs

V1 V2 V3 V4 V5

Add Added Added Adds Adding

Access Accessed Accessed Accesses Accessing

Alert Alerted Alerted Alerts Alertin

Amuse Amused Amused Amuses Amusing

Admire Admired Admired Admires Admiring

Avoid Avoided Avoided Avoids Avoiding

Ask Asked Asked Asks Asking

Appear Appeared Appeared Appears Appearing

Allow Allowed Allowed Allows Allowing

Arrange Arranged Arranged Arranges Arranging

Attract Attracted Attracted Attracts Attracting

Answer Answered Answered Answers Answering

Assert Asserted Asserted Asserts Asserting

Annoy Annoyed Annoyed Annoys Annoying

Argue Argued Argued Argues Arguing

Admit Admitted Admitted Admits Admitting

Assist Assisted Assisted Assists Assisting

Attend Attended Attended Attends Attending

Attach Attached Attached Attaches Attaching

Analyse Analysed Analysed Analyses Analysing

Bake Baked Baked Bakes Baking

Belong Belonged Belonged Belongs Belonging

Beg Begged Begged Begs Begging

Bat Batted Batted Bats Batting

Boil Boiled Boiled Boils Boiling

Beam Beamed Beamed Beams Beaming

Blush Blushed Blushed Blushes Blushing

Brush Brushed Brushed Brushes Brushing

Burn Burned Burned Burns Burning

Bathe Bathed Bathed Bathes Bathing

Blink Blinked Blinked Blinks Blinking

Bolt Bolted Bolted Bolts Bolting

Branch Branched Branched Branches Branching

Bless Blessed Blessed Blesses Blessing

Boast Boasted Boasted Boasts Boasting

Book Booked Booked Books Booking

Bounce Bounced Bounced Bounces Bouncing

Bury Buried Buried Buries Burying

Bang Banged Banged Bangs Banging

Bruise Bruised Bruised Bruises Bruising

Bow Bowed Bowed Bows Bowing

Borrow Borrowed Borrowed Borrows Borrowing

Call Called Called Calls Calling

Complete Completed Completed Completes Completing

Crush Crushed Crushed Crushes Crushing

Curse Cursed Cursed Curses Cursing

Crouch Crouched Crouched Crouches Crouching

Cover Covered Covered Covers Covering

Claim Claimed Claimed Claims Claiming

Compare Compared Compared Compares Comparing

Carry Carried Carried Carries Carrying

Care Cared Cared Cares Caring

Cycle Cycled Cycled Cycles Cycling

Cry Cried Cried Cries Crying

Chase Chased Chased Chases Chasing

Colour Coloured Coloured Colours Colouring

Comb Combed Combed Combs Combing

Copy Copied Copied Copies Copying

Crumble Crumbled Crumbled Crumbles Crumbling

Coach Coached Coached Coaches Coaching

Change Changed Changed Changes Changing

Collect Collected Collected Collects Collecting

Collate Collated Collated Collates Collating

Cheer Cheered Cheered Cheers Cheering

Collaborate Collaborated Collaborated Collaborates Collaborating

Close Closed Closed Closes Closing

Continue Continued Continued Continues Continuing

Clip Clipped Clipped Clips Clipping

Charge Charged Charged Charges Charging

Curl Curled Curled Curls Curling

Consider Considered Considered Considers Considering

Correct Corrected Corrected Corrects Correcting

Connect Connected Connected Connects Connecting

Command Commanded Commanded Commands Commanding

Demand Demanded Demanded Demands Demanding

Deliver Delivered Delivered Delivers Delivering

Delve Delved Delved Delves Delving

Delay Delayed Delayed Delays Delaying

Decay Decayed Decayed Decays Decaying

Develop Developed Developed Develops Developing

Drag Dragged Dragged Drags Dragging

Dust Dusted Dusted Dusts Dusting

Dream Dreamed Dreamed Dreams Dreaming

Disappear Disappeared Disappeared Disappears Disappearing

Decorate Decorated Decorated Decorates Decorating

Dry Dried Dried Dries Drying

Dress Dressed Dressed Dresses Dressing

Destroy Destroyed Destroyed Destroys Destroying

Delight Delighted Delighted Delights Delighting

Deceive Deceived Deceived Deceives Deceiving

Drain Drained Drained Drains Draining

Divide Divided Divided Divides Empty

Dividing Emptied Emptied Empties Emptying
Drop Dropped Dropped Drops Dropping

Depend

Discover
Depended

Discovered
Depended

Discovered
Depends

Discovers
Fly
Depending

Discovering
Flied Flied Flies Flying
Dilute Diluted Diluted Dilutes Diluting

Describe Described Described Describes Fry

Describing Fried Fried Fries Frying
Drown Drowned Drowned Drowns Drowning

Doubt Doubted Doubted Doubts Doubting

Drip Dripped Dripped Drips Flash

Dripping Flashed Flashed Flashes Flashing
Double Doubled Doubled Doubles Doubling

Enter

End
Entered

Ended
Entered

Ended
Enters

Ends
Flush
Entering

Ending
Flushed Flushed Flushes Flushing
Exit Excited Excited Exits Exiting

Enjoy Enjoyed Enjoyed Enjoys Fear

Enjoying Feared Feared Fears Fearing
Excuse Excused Excused Excuses Excusing

Exalt Exalted Exalted Exalts Exalting

Educate Educated Educated Educates

Fleet
Educating
Fleeted Fleeted Fleets Fleeting
Entertain Entertained Entertained Entertains Entertaining

Embarrass Embarrassed Embarrassed Embarrasses

Float
Embarrassing
Floated Floated Floats Floating
Exercise Exercised Exercised Exercises Exercising

Execute Executed Executed Executes Executing

Expect Expected Expected Expects Follow

Expecting Followed Followed Follows Following
Excel Excelled Excelled Excels Excelling

Expand Expanded Expanded Expands Expanding

Escape Escaped Escaped Escapes

Frighten
Escaping
Frightened Frightened Frightens Frightening
Explain Explained Explained Explains Explaining

Extend Extended Extended Extends

Fold
Extending
Folded Folded Folds Folding
Examine Examined Examined Examines Examining

Empower Empowered Empowered Empowers Empowering

Fire Fired Fired Fires Firing

Free Freed Freed Frees Freeing

Frame Framed Framed Frames Framing

Fix Fixed Fixed Fixes Fixing

Force Forced Forced Forces Forcing

Fast Fasted Fasted Fasts Fasting

Fasten Fastened Fastened Fastens Fastening

Fill Filled Filled Fills Filled

Film Filmed Filmed Films Filming

Guess Guessed Guessed Guesses Guessing

Gather Gathered Gathered Gathers Gathering

Grieve Grieved Grieved Grieves Grieving

Greet Greeted Greeted Greets Greeting

Guide Guided Guided Guides Guiding

Grip Gripped Gripped Grips Gripping nform Informed Informed Informs Informing

Improve Improved Improved Improves Improving

Grab Grabbed Grabbed Grabs Grabbing
Improvise Improvised Improvised Improvises Improvising

Grease Greased Greased Greases Greasing Ignore Ignored Ignored Ignores Ignoring

Graze Grazed Grazed Grazes Grazing Ignite Ignited Ignited Ignites Igniting

Illuminate Illuminated Illuminated Illuminates Illuminating

Gloat Gloated Gloated Gloats Gloating
Invite Invited Invited Invites Inviting

Grate Grated Grated Grates Grating Imagine Imagined Imagined Imagines Imagining

Glow Glowed Glowed Glows Glowing Itch Itched Itched Itches Itching

Intend Intended Intended Intends Intending

Grin Grinned Grinned Grins Grinning
Introduce Introduced Introduced Introduces Introducing

Guarantee Guaranteed Guaranteed Guarantees Guaranteeing Inject Injected Injected Injects Injecting

Guard Guarded Guarded Guards Guarding Interest Interested Interested Interests Interesting

Interrupt Interrupted Interrupted Interrupts Interrupting

Govern Governed Governed Governs Governing
Instruct Instructed Instructed Instructs Instructing

Hover Hovered Hovered Hovers Hovering Infect Infected Infected Infects Infecting

Hustle Hustled Hustled Hustles Hustling Influence Influenced Influenced Influences Influencing

Include Included Included Includes Including

Happen Happened Happened Happens Happening
Increase Increased Increased Increases Increasing

Hop Hopped Hopped Hops Hopping Jump Jumped Jumped Jumps Jumping

Heal Healed Healed Heals Healing Jam Jammed Jammed Jams Jamming

Juggle Juggled Juggled Juggles Juggling

Hope Hoped Hoped Hopes Hoping
Jog Jogged Jogged Jogs Jogging

Hook Hooked Hooked Hooks Hooking Joke Joked Joked Jokes Joking

Hunt Hunted Hunted Hunts Hunting Join Joined Joined Joins Joining

Judge Judged Judged Judges Judging

Heat Heated Heated Heats Heating
Link Linked Linked Links Linking

Hurry Hurried Hurried Hurries Hurrying Limp Limped Limped Limps Limping

Haunt Haunted Haunted Hants Haunting Like Liked Liked Likes Liking

Listen Listened Listened Listens Listening

Hug Hugged Hugged Hugs Hugging
Love Loved Loved Loves Loving

Help Helped Helped Helps Helping Live Lived Lived Lives Living

Head Headed Headed Heads Heading Look Looked Looked Looks Looking

Lock Locked Locked Locks Locking

Hum Hummed Hummed Hums Humming
List Listed Listed Lists Listing

Heap Heaped Heaped Heaps Heaping Lie Lied Lied Lies Lying

Laugh Laughed Laughed Laughs Laughing

Harm Harmed Harmed Harms Harming
Label Labelled Labelled Labels Labelling
Handle Handled Handled Handles Handling
Lighten Lightened Lightened Lightens Lightening

Hate Hated Hated Hates Hating Learn Learned Learned Learns Learning

Launch Launched Launched Launches Launching

Hand Handed Handed Hands Handing
Last Lasted Lasted Lasts Lasting
Ink Inked Inked Inks Inking
Master Mastered Mastered Masters Mastering

Interfere Interfered Interfered Interferes Interfering Mentor Mentored Mentored Mentors Mentoring

Mix Mixed Mixed Mixes Mixing

Multiply Multiplied Multiplied Mutiplies Multiplying

Miss Missed Missed Misses Missing

Mourn Mourned Mourned Mourns Mourning

Moan Moaned Moaned Moans Moaning

Measure Measured Measured Measures Measuring

Meddle Meddled Meddled Meddles Meddling

Move Moved Moved Moves Moving

Mark Marked Marked Marks Marking

Match Matched Matched Matches Matching

Memorise Memorised Memorised Memorises Memorising

Manage Managed Managed Manages Managing

Marry Married Married Marries Marrying

Muster Mustered Mustered Musters Mustering

Name Named Named Names Naming

 Print Printed Printed Prints Printing
Need Needed Needed Needs Needing
Paint Painted Painted Paints Painting
Notice Noticed Noticed Notices Noticing Prefer Preferred Preferred Prefers Preferring

Note Noted Noted Notes Noting Present Presented Presented Presents Presenting
Produce Produced Produced Produces Producing
Number Numbered Numbered Numbers Numbering Provide Provided Provided Provides Providing

Nod Nodded Nodded Nods Nodding Question Questioned Questioned Questions Questioning
Rest Rested Rested Rests Resting
Open Opened Opened Opens Opening Race Raced Raced Races Racing
Occur Occurred Occurred Occurs Occurring Roast Roasted Roasted Roasts Roasting
Rely Relied Relied Relies Relying
Order Ordered Ordered Orders Ordering Request Requested Requested Requests Requesting
Optimise Optimised Optimised Optimises Optimising Roam Roamed Roamed Roams Roaming
Record Recorded Recorded Records Recording
Oppose Opposed Opposed Opposes Opposing Recruit Recruited Recruited Recruits Recruiting
Observe Observed Observed Observes Observing Rescue Rescued Rescued Rescues Rescuing
Render Rendered Rendered Renders Rendering
Obey Obeyed Obeyed Obeys Obeying Receive Received Received Receives Receiving
Own Owned Owned Owns Owning Rule Ruled Ruled Rules Ruling
Remain Remained Remained Remains Remaining
Offer Offered Offered Offers Offering Roll Rolled Rolled Rolls Rolling
Obtain Obtained Obtained Obtains Obtaining Risk Risked Risked Risks Risking
Reply Replied Replied Replies Replying
Owe Owed Owed Owes Owing Reject Rejected Rejected Rejects Rejecting
Overflow Overflowed Overflowed Overflows Overflowing React Reacted Reacted Reacts Reacting
Rain Rained Rained Rains Raining
Object Objected Objected Objects Objecting
Raise Raised Raised Raises Raising
Preach Preached Preached Preaches Preaching Reflect Reflected Reflected Reflects Reflecting
Return Returned Returned Returns Returning
Pinch Pinched Pinched Pinches Pinching
Serve Served Served Serves Serving
Pick Picked Picked Picks Picking Smile Smiled Smiled Smiles Smiling
Smell Smelled Smelled Smells Smelling
Plough Ploughed Ploughed Ploughs Ploughing
Suffer Suffered Suffered Suffers Suffering
Pray Prayed Prayed Prays Praying Separate Separated Separated Separates Separating
Stare Stared Stared Stares Staring
Push Pushed Pushed Pushes Pushing
Start Started Started Starts Starting
Prove Proved Proved Proves Proving Supply Supplied Supplied Supplies Supplying
Squeeze Squeezed Squeezed Squeezes Squeezing
Plant Planted Planted Plants Planting
Spray Sprayed Sprayed Sprays Spraying
Post Posted Posted Posts Posting Stay Stayed Stayed Stays Staying
Shelter Sheltered Sheltered Shelters Sheltering
Protect Protected Protected Protects Protecting
Switch Switched Switched Switches Switching
Project Projected Projected Projects Projecting Stitch Stitched Stitched Stitches Stitching

Place Placed Placed Places Placing Sparkle Sparkled Sparkled Sparkles Sparkling
Surprise Surprised Surprised Surprises Surprising
Suit Suited Suited Suits Suiting
Taste Tasted Tasted Tastes Tasting
Thank Thanked Thanked Thanks Thanking
Use Used Used Uses Using
Unite United United Unites Uniting
Unlock Unlocked Unlocked Unlocks Unlocking
Untie Untied Untied Unties Untying
Visit Visited Visited Visits Visiting
Vanish Vanished Vanished Vanishes Vanishing
Validate Validated Validated Validates Validating
Vaccinate Vaccinated Vaccinated Vaccinates Vaccinating
Vacate Vacated Vacated Vacates Vacating
Verify Verified Verified Verifies Verifying
Vacate Vacated Vacated Vacates Vacating
Wait Waited Waited Waits Waiting
Wash Washed Washed Washes Washing
Wander Wandered Wandered Wanders Wandering
Wail Wailed Wailed Wails Wailing
Wait Waited Waited Waits Waiting
Wipe Wiped Wiped Wipes Wiping
Work Worked Worked Works Working
Wish Wished Wished Wishes Wishing
Whistle Whistled Whistled Whistles Whistling
Welcome Welcomed Welcomed Welcomes Welcoming
Watch Watched Watched Watches Watching
Wave Waved Waved Waves Waving
Whisper Whispered Whispered Whispers Whispering
Waver Wavered Wavered Wavers Wavering
Wrap Wrapped Wrapped Wraps Wrapping
Worry Worried Worried Worries Worrying
Wonder Wondered Wondered Wonders Wondering
Yawn Yawned Yawned Yawns Yawning
Yell Yelled Yelled Yells Yelling
Zoom Zoomed Zoomed Zooms Zooming
Future perfect tense refers to/denotes those events/activities that will be finished/completed by a
particular/certain time in the future. It can be formed in the following way:

Subject + will/shall + have+ past participle form of the verb + the rest of the sentence

Some examples of sentences using future perfect tense are given below.

•George will have married Tessa by then.

•The baby will have slept by then.
•By the end of this year, I will have worked here for two years.
•I will have completed my assignment by dinner time.
•My wife will have bought the cake before tomorrow morning.