CHAPTER 1

ICT: BASIC TERMS AND

 •Information and Communication
Technology (ICT) is unquestionably
integral to our lives today. We cannot
dispute that ICT has transformed and
continues to change and shape our
future.

•The use of ICT to communicate,

INTRODUCTION generate, and manage information has
also become a fundamental part of the
teaching and learning process.

•ICT did wonders for education providing

TECHNOLO
•The New Book of Knowledge (2007)- defines
technology, from the Greek teknologia meaning
systematic treatment or craft, as the methods people
develop to address their needs.
• Greenwood Dictionary of Education (2003)- defines
technology as the apparatus, methods, and systems to
carry out an enterprise or purpose. Technology is a
medium of change, a tool, and a catalyzer.
• Newby et al. (2000)- posit that technology serves as a
CT: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY r

• Anderson, 2010- Electronic tools used in gathering, recording, storing

information, and exchanging and distributing information to others.
• UNDP, 2001- information-handling tools, which generate, store, process,
spread, and share information.
• UNESCO, 2011- something that allows teachers and students to create, share,
connect, and reflect on their learning and others.
• RA 10844, 2016- all electronic means to access, create, collect, store, process,
receive, transmit, present, and disseminate information.
• all the technology used to handle telecommunications, broadcast media,
Intelligent building management systems, audiovisual processing and
transmission systems, and network-based control and monitoring functions; and
a diverse set of technological tools and resources used to transmit, create share
 Six Components of ICT:
• Cloud computing. The term describes data centers available to many users
over the internet .
• Software. This refers applications used to do tasks in the computer. The two
main categories of software are application software, used for a specific need,
and system software, used to run the hardware.
• Hardware. The term refers to the physical elements comprising a computer
or electronic system.
• Digital Transactions. This can be broadly defined as "paperless," online or
automated transactions that take place between people and organizations.
• Digital Data. This term refers to other forms of data using specific machine
language systems that can be interpreted by various technologies.
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
•Council for Educational Technology of the
United Kingdom, as cited by Lucido, 1997- the
improvement of the learning process by
developing, applying, and evaluating systems,
techniques, and aids.
• Association for Educational Communication
and Technology, 2008- the study to facilitate
learning and improve performances by the
creation, use, and management of appropriate
technological processes and resources
• UNESCO, 1974- a systematic way to design, to
carry out, and to evaluate the teaching-learning
INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEM
 INSTRUCTIONAL SYSTEM
•The teacher develops these situations by considering the learning targets or
objectives to be attained by students. Then, the teacher organizes the learning
experience by thinking of the particular topics or learning experiences. The
teacher carefully selects methods or strategies to make way for students to
learn the lessons easily, utilizing appropriate instructional materials. Eventually,
the teacher finds out through the assessment tasks if the students have learned
the lesson.
• Newby (2000) explains that instructional design is a system as it is an orderly
process with internal logic, resulting in a coherent plan in which the
components of the plan closely match one another. Instructional system design
refers to systematically developing instructional materials using learning
theories.
•Lee (1975) considers instructional system design as a five-step process for
curriculum development using the systems approach.
 TECHNOLOGY TOOLS

•Technology tools are software used to

develop or support online course content
Chalk, posters, and overhead projectors were
considered technology tools before.
Technology tools include all tools that
enhance the delivery of instruction.

Technology tools are discussed in

 TECHNOLOGY TOOLS
Ballado (2012) lists other terms used
to denote the scope of technology in
AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
teaching and learning.
INSTRUCTIONAL
The term emphasizes
TECHNOLOGY
The term covers that these aids employ
educational multi-sensory
technology experiences. INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS
The term "aids"
concerned with emphasizes that these
instruction rather MEDIA.
INSTRUCTIONAL aids provide the help to
than the
The term highlights make the teaching-
managementways of of learning situation
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
schools. communication The termeffective.
emphasizes that
most of the media teachers
between the teacher
used to aid in teaching are
Roles of ICT in Teaching for Learning

It aims to encourage all teachers to use

--

ICT in the classroom to bring learning

to life for students, to give learners the
tools to collaborate and to examine
engaging problems, to research and
analyse information, and to use ICT
resources to communicate their ideas
and to share what they create with
e Teachers Role in an ICT Led Classro
The Teachers Role in an ICT Led Classroom
As a guide
As a facilitator
The teacher lets his
The teacher helps the
students develop positive students be familiar
attitudes toward the with advancements
changes in their Roles of in ICT.
environment and prepares 21st As a trainer
them to familiarize with
changes. As a knowledge Century The teacher trains the
provider Teacher students to master new
ICT tools and prepare
The teacher exposes the them to use the tools to
students to an unending
process of knowledge
the maximum.
 The Teachers Role in an ICT Led Classroom
As a capacity As a keen
builder observer
The teacher The teacher
capacitates the observes the
students with life skills students'
As a learner
needed for a happy activities during
The teacher life. As a team memberof
the exploration
updates new learning.
The teacher works
his/wledge
wledge to keep
collaboratively with
fellow teachers.
The Roles of a Student in an ICT- Led Classroom

ICT enhances how children

learn through the following
characteristics of learning
The Roles of a Student in an ICT- Led Classroom

Learning through Learning through

active engagement participation in groups
According to research, The degree to which
students acquire knowledge classrooms are socially
most effectively when they engaged and productive can be
actively acquire it through increased by using technology
experience, interpretation, to stimulate collaborative
and structured interactions activities. It can also foster
with peers and teachers. classroom discussions that
The Roles of a Student in an ICT- Led Classroom

Learning through TitLearning through

frequent interaction connections to real-world
and feedback contexts
According to research, learning Technology can provide
becomes faster when students students with a tool for
are given ample opportunities applying concepts in various
to apply the concepts they are contexts, thereby connecting
learning and when feedback the school subject matter to
on an idea's success or failure real-world situations.le text
are given immediately. addition
 Florencio & Andong (2008) enumerated how
computers, as one form of ICT, are used in
classrooms
Gaming tools Teacher tool Research tool
A playful approach to Teachers use Computers are
computers helps
computers for used to provide
students prepare for
future computer use administration students with
and stimulates their tasks, production of access to
creativity and documents, and information on
imagination. creation of lessons. the internet.
Communication
tool
The use of
computers in the Training tool for
classroom facilitates repetitive tasks
communication
This includes using
among teachers
and students.e text
drill and practice
addition programs for some
fields of learning.
 Limitations on the Use of Technology
However, despite the many benefits of technology, limitations on the benefits of
technology in the teaching-learning process are also recognized.
Kaur (2017) identified some limitations of technology from the
perspective of teachers
1. Over-reliance on ICT hampers students' critical thinking skills.
2. Students often have only a superficial understanding of the information
they download.
3. Computer-based learning has negative physical side-effects such as poor
vision and stiffness problems.
4. Students may be easily distracted from their learning and may explore
unwanted sites.
06
5. Students tend to neglect useful learning resources in exchange for the ease
in accessing resources.
Similarly, Kaur (2017) identified limitations as expressed by
teachers as follows:
1. Indifferent attitude of teachers towards ICT use
2. Hesitation to use ICTs in classrooms
3. Lack of skills in the use of ICTS
4. Lack of self-confidence in using ICT
5. Lack of training in the implementation of ICT in schools
6. Poor scientific disposition
 Reporter:
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