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th e C u zc o V al le y, lo ca ted in the Andes

• The Inca lived in So u th America.
s (2 2 ,0 0 0 fe e t) in
Mountain
o u nta in s w e re fo rm ed by volcanoes.
• The Andes M shape of a puma
h e C a p ital , B u ilt in th e
• City of Cuzco-T rn Peru.
wildcat. Located in mode

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 th e In ca ru le rs, b u ilt am id sacred
• A royal retreat fo r
mountain peaks.

ac co m p lish m e nt – m assive stone

• It is an engineerin g
alls, ste ep stairca se s, an d level fields.
w

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 road s th at con n e cte d the entire vast
• Roads-They had
empire.

d fro m sea level to 12,0 00 feet in

• Ro a d s st retc h e
elevation.

w o u ld ca rr y a n d relay messages within

• Official runners
days across the empire.

n d a messa ge 2 5 0 mile s in one day.

• Incas could se

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 re sk illed at m aso n ry (working
Architecture-The Inca we
•
with stone).

ly cu t b lo cks, w it h o u t iron tools, to fit

• They precise
together perfectly.

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 co n n ec te d mou nta in s - hanging
• Suspension bridges
from ropes and cables.

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WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE ACHIEVEMENTS OF
THE INCA?
A. They created a vast network of roads
B. They created stone structures that showed highly
advanced masonry skills
C. The created suspension bridges
D. All of the above
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 e s, to u n if y th e e m p ire the Incas
p eo p le sp o ke m an y d ifferent languag e ss had to be
• Although h u ch -w u h ). A ll b u sin
d an o ffi cial la n gu age – Quechua (Ke-c
establish e
done in this language.

sto ry telle rs p asse d In ca history orally.

cial
• No written language – Offi

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 In ca b u ilt terrac es into the mountains to
• The
grow crops.

d maize.
• The Inca grew potatoes an

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 How did the Inca adapt to their mountainous terrain?
A. They created terraces of soil the grow crops on
steep mountain sides
B. They had chinampas, or floating gardens
C. They grew crops on steep the mountain sides of
Brazil
D. They grew squash and raised hooved animals
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 y– ra isin g an im als at th e top
• Vertical Econo m
e m o u nta in s an d gr o wing food at the
of th
bottom of the mountain.
Top
Raise
the
llamas

Bottom
Grow all of the crops such as:
corn, squash, and beans

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 eis m: Th e In ca wo rsh ip ped the sun,
• Polyth
moon, and animals.

ca m ad e b eau ti fu l p o tt ery, gold, and

• The In
lv e r ob je ct s cele b ra ti n g the gods.
si

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 HIER ARCHY OF POWE R :
KING

re ligious leader
• King was the military and

b le s were p eo p le re lated to the King

NOBLES • N o

m o n ers w e re m aj ority of Inca. They

• Co m
u d ed slav e s w h o w er e o ften conquered
incl .
people with little freedom
COMMONERS

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 e lieve d th at th eir kin gs never died. The
• The Inca b d as mummies.
ca K in gs w e re p rese rv e
bodies of In

mie s were d re sse d in fine cloth and

• Mu m
decorated with jewelry.

w ere gi ve n fo o d an d d rinks and placed

• Mummies
geth e r so th e y co u ld visit each other.
close to

mu mmie s are sti ll p reserved today.

• Many In ca

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 taxe s, th e In ca h ad to work for the
• Instead of paying .
government (called mita)

e rc h an ts. G o o d s th at w ere produced

• There were no m d to th e people.
o u ld b e d istrib u te
from the mita w
g cloth , an d building ro ads
in g, makin
• Mita jobs were farm
and bridges.

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“As this kingdom was so vast, in each of the many provinces there were many
storehouses filled with supplies and other needful things…If there came a lean year,
the storehouses were opened and the provinces [regions] were lent what they needed
in the way of supplies; then, in a year of abundance, they paid back all they had
received. No one who was lazy or tried to live by the work of others was tolerated;
everyone had to work. Thus. on certain days each lord went to his lands and took the
plow in hand and cultivated the earth, and did other things. Even the Incas themselves
did this to set an example. And under their system there was none such in all the
kingdom, for, if he had his health, he worked and lacked for nothing.” Spanish
Conquistador, Pedro de Cieza de Leon

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 kin g o f th e In ca em p ire ) heard of
• Atahualpa (the re ed to meet
e Sp an iard s an d ag
the arrival of th
with them.
a re fu se d to co nve rt to Christianity
• After Atahualp o u sa nd of Incan
d h im an d killed th
Pizarro capture
soldiers.

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 k, Ata h u a lp a gave P izarr o a room filled
• To win his freedom bac xim ately 2 4 tons).
silve r (a p p ro
with gold and
anyway.
• The Spaniards killed him

were w ea ken ed by d ise ase and the

• Like the Aztecs they eapons.
Spaniards had superior w

ad co ntro lled the entire region.

• By 1537 th e Sp an ia rd s h

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 The definition of a primary source is: An original document or
Number two is more accurate as the ransom collected was 24 tons other material that has not been changed in any way. It is a
of gold and silver, not a small pile. Amazingly, the painting left and reliable first-hand account usually written at or near the time
the engraving right were both created by 16th century artist the event(s) occurred.
Theodore De Bry. While De Bry created a large number of engraved Are these considered primary sources?
illustrations for his books. Most of his books were based on first-
hand observations by explorers, even if De Bry himself, acting as a No, because De Bry was not near the event and while
recorder of information, never visited the Americas. reliable source, he INSTRUCTOMANIA
never actually witnessed
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 How was the Inca defeat by the Spanish similar to the
Aztec defeat?
A. The Spaniards were led by Cortes
B. Disease weakened both civilizations, making defeat
easier for the Spanish
C. Diseases affected the Spanish population
D. Both the Aztec and Inca lived in tropical, gold-rich
surroundings
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