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    3.3 Capacitive A.C. Circuits 1

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    3.3 Capacitive A.C. Circuits 1

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    Sathya Cruz
    2 views90 pages

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    3.3 Capacitive a.c. Circuits 1

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    2 views90 pages

    3.3 Capacitive A.C. Circuits 1

    Uploaded by

    Sathya Cruz

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 90

    CAPACITIVE AC CIRCUITS

    ENGR. RAY H. ROMERO, REE

    BSMARINE ENGINEERING
    LOs: Learning Outcomes
    LO 3.3.1
    Explain the phase relationship between current and voltage in a capacitive A.C. Circuit

    LO 3.3.2
    Explain the capacitive reactance in an A.C. Capacitive Circuit.

    LO 3.3.3
    Explain how resistor-capacitor networks can be used for filtering, coupling, and phase
    shifting

    LO 3.3.4
    Explain how low-pass and high-pass RC filters operate.

    BSMARINE ENGINEERING
    03
    TEACHING-LEARNING-ACTIVITY
    • Structured-problem Solving

    BSMARINE ENGINEERING
    0
    STRUCTURED-PROBLEM
    SOLVING
    • The instructor shall facilitate the lecture discussion.
    • Form a group of four and each student should have a
    number.
    • Read and review the handouts (10 minutes).
    • Discuss within the group the lesson and strategies (10
    minutes).
    • The instructor will ask questions about the topic.
    • The instructor will ask some one form the group to
    answer the given problem.

    BSMARINE ENGINEERING
    04
    CAPACITIVE AC CIRCUITS
    WHAT IS REACTANCE?
    In electric and electronic systems, reactance is the opposition
    of a circuit element to the flow of current due to that element's
    inductance or capacitance. Greater reactance leads to smaller
    currents for the same voltage applied.
    The nonresistive component of impedance in an AC circuit,
    arising from the effect of inductance or capacitance or both
    and causing the current to be out of phase with the
    electromotive force causing it.
    WHAT DO YO MEAN BY
    CAPACITIVE?
    It pertains to electrical capacitance, or the property of being
    able to collect and hold a charge of electricity, exhibiting or
    relying on electrical capacitance.
    Capacitance is the ratio of the amount of electric charge
    stored on a conductor to a difference in electric potential.
    There are two closely related notions of capacitance: self
    capacitance and mutual capacitance. Any object that can be
    electrically charged exhibits self capacitance.
    WHAT DO YO MEAN BY
    INDUCTIVE?
    It pertains to electrical inductance, wherein electromagnetism
    and electronics, inductance is the tendency of an electrical
    conductor to oppose a change in the electric current flowing
    through it. The flow of electric current creates a magnetic field
    around the conductor.
    WHAT IS IMPEDANCE?
    Electrical impedance, measure of the total opposition that
    a circuit or a part of a circuit presents to electric current.
    Impedance includes both resistance and reactance. The
    resistance component arises from collisions of the current-
    carrying charged particles with the internal structure of the
    conductor. The reactance component is an additional
    opposition to the movement of electric charge that arises from
    the changing magnetic and electric fields in circuits
    carrying alternating current. Impedance reduces to resistance
    in circuits carrying steady direct current.
    CAPACITIVE REACTANCE
    When a capacitor charges and discharges with a varying
    voltage applied, alternating current can flow. Although there
    cannot be any current through the dielectric of the capacitor,
    its charge and discharge produce alternating current in the
    circuit connected to the capacitor plates.
    CAPACITIVE REACTANCE
    CAPACITIVE REACTANCE
    AC IN A CAPACITIVE CIRCUIT
    FACTS ABOUT ALTERNATING CURRENT IN A
    CAPACITIVE CIRCUIT
    SAMPLE QUESTIONS
    SUMMARY OF AC IN CAPACITIVE
    CIRCUITS
    SUMMARY OF AC IN CAPACITIVE
    CIRCUITS
    SAMPLE PROBLEMS
    SAMPLE PROBLEMS
    SAMPLE GRAPHS
    SAMPLE GRAPHS
    SAMPLE PROBLEMS
    SAMPLE PROBLEMS
    SAMPLE PROBLEMS
    FACTORS AFFECTING
    SUMMARY OF FORMULAS
    SERIES & PARALLEL CAPACITIVE REACTANCES
    SERIES CAPACITIVE REACTANCES
    PARALLEL CAPACITIVE REACTANCES
    PARALLEL CAPACITIVE REACTANCES
    OHM’S LAW APPLIED TO REACTANCES
    APPLICATION OF CAPACITIVE REACTANCES
    APPLICATION OF CAPACITIVE REACTANCES
    CAPACITANCE VS CAPACITIVE REACTANCES
    CAPACITIVE REACTANCES VS RESISTANCE
    CHARGING AND DISCHARGING CURRENT
    CHARGING AND DISCHARGING CURRENT
    CHARGING AND DISCHARGING CURRENT
    CHARGING AND DISCHARGING CURRENT
    CHARGING AND DISCHARGING CURRENT
    CAPACITIVE CIRCUITS (RC)
    RC CIRCUITS
    When a sinusoidal voltage is applied to any type of RC circuit,
    each resulting voltage drop and the current in the circuit are
    also sinusoidal and have the same frequency as the applied
    voltage. The capacitance causes a phase shift between the
    voltage and current that depends on the relative values of the
    resistance and the capacitive reactance.
    SINE WAVE VC LAGS IC BY 90 deg
    FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN RC ckts.
    IMPEDANCE AND PHASE ANGLE OF
    SERIES RC CIRCUITS
    The impedance of any type of RC circuit is the total opposition
    to sinusoidal current und its unit is the ohm. The phase angle
    is the phase difference between the total current and the
    source voltage.
    IMPEDANCE AND PHASE ANGLE OF
    SERIES RC CIRCUITS
    In a purely capacitive circuit, the impedance is equal to the
    total capacitive reactance. The impedance of a series RC
    circuit is determined by both the resistance and the capacitive
    reactance. These cases are illustrated in the figure. The
    magnitude of the impedance is symbolized by Z.
    THREE FORMS THE REACTANCES
    CAN BE PRESENTED
    • RECTANGULAR FORM (COMPLEX NUMBER)

    • POLAR FORM (PHASOR AND ANGLES)

    • EXPONENTIAL FORM (EXPONENT, CONST. ETC)


    IMPEDANCE AND PHASE ANGLE
    OF SERIES RC CIRCUIT
    PHASOR COMPARISON IN VOLTAGE
    PHASOR COMPARISON IN VOLTAGE
    VOLTAGE TRIANGLE
    THE IMPEDANCE TRIANGLE
    THE IMPEDANCE TRIANGLE
    SAMPLE IMPEDANCE TRIANGLE
    PATTERNS FOR IMPEDANCE TRIANGLE
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    IMPEDANCE AND PHASE ANGLE OF
    PARALLEL RC CIRCUITS
    IMPEDANCE AND PHASE ANGLE OF
    PARALLEL RC CIRCUITS
    IMPEDANCE AND PHASE ANGLE OF
    PARALLEL RC CIRCUITS
    IMPEDANCE AND PHASE ANGLE OF
    PARALLEL RC CIRCUITS
    IMPEDANCE AND PHASE ANGLE OF PARALLEL RC CKTS
    SAMPLE PHASE CURRENT TRIANGLE
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SAMPLE PROBLEM
    SUMMARY FOR RC CIRCUITS
    SUMMARY FOR RC CIRCUITS
    THANK
    YOU!

    BSMARINE ENGINEERING

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