TECHNICAL TRAINING SESSION

Batch No: 68 Segment/Trade: Mechanical

Module: Mechanical_Module_04

Conducted by: Training Department

TRAINING MATERIAL
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Module Name: HVAC Path – 02 – Duct

Learning Objectives:

a. About Duct, Duct Material and Classification

b. Duct Different Joints & Connections

c. Flex Duct, Application Area, Advantage & Disadvantage

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Module Name: HVAC Path – 02 – Duct

Session Flow/Index:

About Ducts, Materials & Classification

Duct Joints

Application areas of Flexible Ducts

Flexible Ducts Advantages and Disadvantages

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 Duct
 Used as a media / path to carry conditioned air from source to destination
 Return media / path from conditioned space to AHU and Exhaust to outside

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 Duct

Common Duct Materials

Galvanized Steel
Aluminum
Stainless Steel
Other Materials may use per Client Recommendation
Duct board
Plastic (very rare)

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 Duct
Classification – Based on Application
Supply Air Duct (SAD) Return Air Duct (RAD)
Carries treated air to the space of use Returned from room or space to heating or
cooling system for reconditioning and reuse

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 Duct
Classification – Based on Application

Exhaust Air Duct (EAD) Outside Air Duct (OAD)

Air which is not reusable is sent outside It supplies fresh air from the Atmosphere to
through this duct system enclosure

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 Duct
Classification – Based on Pressure Class - General

(1) Low Pressure (2) Medium Pressure (3) High Pressure

SMACNA Pressure Class Chart

Duct Pressure Class Operating Pressure

In. wg. Pa
Low Pressure ½ 125 Up to ½” Wg
Medium Pressure 1 250 Over ½” up to 1” Wg
High Pressure 2 500 Over 1” up to 2” Wg
3 750 Over 2” up to 3” Wg
4 1000 Over 3” up to 4” Wg
6 1500 Over 4” up to 6” Wg
10 2500 Over 6” up to 10” Wg
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 Duct
Duct Static Pressure

 The amount of pressure a fan has to push and pull against to move air through a duct system.
 Exerted equally on all sides of a duct system
 Unit of measurement used is normally “in. wg” Or “Pa”

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 Duct
Classification – Based on Shape
Rectangular Duct

Can be adapted to any space height restrictions.

Easily shipped when broken down or nested.
Provide flat surfaces for branch taping.
Conveniently fabricated.
Fittings are usually easier to assemble than round and oval fittings.
If used due to space limitations-
Keep the smaller side / bigger side ratio (aspect ratio) low.
Aspect Ratio should not exceed 1:4

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 Duct
Classification – Based on Shape
Round Duct

 Smaller pressure drop per unit length than other duct types.
 Generally the more cost effective.
 Maximum air-carrying capacity with minimum pressure loss.
 Stiffer than rectangular duct.
 Easier to insulate.
 Can be sealed more easily than rectangular ducts.

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 Duct
Classification – Based on Shape
Round Duct - Types

Snap Lock Ducts Spiral Ducts

Used in Low Pressure Airflow Used in Medium and High Pressure Airflow

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 Duct
Classification – Based on Shape
Oval Duct

 Smaller height requirements than round ducts

 Retain most of advantages of the round ducts

Disadvantages of flat oval ducts are -

 Difficulty in handling and shipping large sizes
 Tendency to become more round under pressure
 Available in large aspect ratio
 Difficulty in assembling oval slip joints
 Fitting for flat oval ducts are difficult to fabricate or modify in the field

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 Duct
Classification – Based on Shape
Comparison of Different Types of Ducts
Round Duct Oval Duct Rectangular Duct

Advantages: Advantages: Advantages:

•Lowest Friction •Retain most of advantages of the round •Height required to install the
•Less material required for fabrication ducts Rectangular Duct is less
•Smaller height requirements than round •Easy to fabricate at site
ducts

Disadvantage: Disadvantage: Disadvantage:

•Height required to install Round Duct •Difficulty in handling and shipping large •Friction is more in Rectangular Duct as
is more sizes compared to Round and Square Duct
•Fabrication time is more •Tendency to become more round under
pressure
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 Duct
Duct Joints
 SMACNA refers the Longitudinal as Seam and Transverse as Joint
 Seam secures two longitudinal oriented edges of duct in the direction of airflow
 Seam in Rectangular Duct is either a Pittsburgh Lock or a “Snap” Lock.
 Joint connects the end of one duct section to another

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 Duct
Duct Joints
Transverse Connection – Slip & Drive (for Low Static Pressure)
 Flat S Lock and Drive Cleat connects two assembled rectangular duct sections at transverse joint

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 Duct
Duct Joints
Transverse Connection – Slip & Drive (for Low Static Pressure)
 Standing S Lock: This is a 1” tall standing seam section that adds strength and rigidity to duct

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 Duct
Duct Joints
Transverse Connection – Ductmate (for High Static Pressure)
 Slides onto the raw ends of duct sections
 No additional sealant required over the transverse joints
 Completely separate component—a flange that slides over the duct edge

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 Duct
Duct Joints
Transverse Connection – TDC & TDF (for High Static Pressure)

TDC – Transverse Duct Connector

TDF – Transverse Duct Flange
Consist of flanges, corner pieces, gaskets, and cleat to complete the joint assembly
Hold the ductwork together and provide a sealing surface for the gasket
Used on medium and high pressure rectangular duct systems.

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 Duct
Duct Joints
Duct Segments Overview

Duct Segment Full Form Standard Length

S&D Slip & Drive 59”
Ductmate Ductmate 60”
TDC Transverse Duct Connector 56-1/4”
TDF Transverse Duct Flange 56” or 56-1/4” Based on
Fabricator’s Standards

TRAINING MATERIAL 20
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 Duct
Flex Duct

 Also known as Flexible duct

 Generally limited to short length
 Create high pressure drop and the acoustic problems
 Mainly used to connect main air duct and terminal units (diffusers, grids)

Real Image of Flex Duct

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 Duct
Flex Duct
Application Areas

 Used for attaching supply air outlets (diffusers and grids) to the rigid ductwork
 VAV to Primary Duct
 In Equipment port as canvas

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 Duct
Flex Duct
Advantages

 Less expensive than metal ones

 Installation is less difficult
 Can be introduced in tight spaces where conventional metal conduits wouldn’t fit
 Good for adaptable ventilation work in places with sharp corner and bunches of edges
Disadvantages

 Have frictional loss

 Strength is an issue as it is made of thin & malleable material
 Mice and bugs can spoil it easily
 Water logging is an issue in such ducts

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 Session Go-through

a.Learnt about ducts, applications & ducts material

b.Learnt about different types of duct based on various factors

c.Learnt about duct joints, segments and their use

a.Learnt about flex duct, applications, advantage & disadvantages

Query & Discussion Session

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