Chapter 4

Network and Cloud Computing

  a computer network consists of communications media, devices,
and software connecting two or more computer system or devices

 communications media are any material substance that carries an

electronic signal to support communications between a sending a
Network receiving device

Fundamenta  The computers and devices on the networks are sometimes called

ls network nodes

 Organization can use networks to share

 hardware, programs, and databases

 to transmit and receive information,

 It allowing them to improve organizational effectiveness and

efficiency
  The shape or structure of a network:

 Arrangement of the communication link and

 Hardware devices on the network

Network
 The transmission rate, distances, signal types and
Topology
physical connection may differ between network

 They may have same topology

  All network devices connect to one another through a hub

Star
Network
  All the network devices are connect to shared
communication medium

 Broadcast

Bus
Network
  a network configuration where devices are interconnected
Mesh in a decentralized manner.
Network
  Classified Depending on:
 physical distance between nodes and
 communications and services it provides
 Personal area network (PAN)
Network  Support interconnection of IT within a range of about 33 feet

Types  Local area network (LAN)

 Connects computer system and devices with small area
 Metropolitan network (MAN)
 Connects users and their devices in a geographical area that
spans a campus or city
 Wide area network (WAN)
 Connect large geographic regions
Client/Server systems
 Client/Server architecture:
 Multiple computer platforms are dedicated to special functions
 Server:
 Distributes programs and data to other computers(clients) on the
network as they request them
Channel Bandwidth

 The rate at which data is exchanged

 usually measured in bits per second(bps)
 The broader the bandwidth the more information can be
exchanged
 Broad band communication
 any high speed internet access that is always on
 Most organizations need to accommodate the transaction
  Selection depend on:
 Amount of information to be exchanged
 Speed
Communication  Data privacy
media  Business requirements
 Two Types
 Guided transmission media and
 Wireless Technologies
 Carry information in the form of light
Wireless technologies
 Wireless communication is the transfer of information between two or more
points that are not connected by an electrical conductor.
 All wireless communications signals are sent within a range frequencies of the
electromagnetic spectrum
 The signals used in wireless networks are broadcast in one of three frequency
ranges
 Microwave (300MHz- 300GHz) signal sent through the air
 radio
 infrared
Wireless communication (continued)
 Bluetooth – 10 to 30 feet at transmission rate of 2Mbps
 3G wireless communication
 Supports wireless voice and broadband speed data communications in mobile
environment
 (2 to 4 Mbps)
 4G wireless communication
 Provide an increased data transmission (3 to 20 times the speed of 3G
networks)
 5G wireless communication
 Higher data transmission than 3G and 4G
 Lower power consumption
 Higher connect reliability with fewer dropped calls
 Wi-Fi
Communication Hardware
 Communication Software
 Network operating system
 Software that controls the computer system and devices on a network and
allows them to communicate with each other
 Network outages or slow performance can mean a loss of business
 Network management software
 Software that enables a manager on a networked desktop to monitor the
use of individual computers and shared hardware
 Protects from being copied, modified, or downloaded illegally
 Can locate communications errors and potential network problems
 Fewer hours on routine, faster response to problems ,and greater overall
network control
 Eg. Banks used to monitor the performance of ATM
 Communication Software(continued)
 Most IS organizations use network management software to
ensure that
 Their network remains up and running
 Every network component and application is performing acceptably
 Identify, and resolve fault and performance issues before they affect end users
 Automatic fix(latest technology)
 Identify a problem, notify the IS manager, and automatically correct it before
anyone outside the IS department notices it

 Mobile device management software and SDN (Reading assignment)

INTERNET AND WWW
Introduction

 The Internet is a global network of computers that is

accessed by the World Wide Web.
 Internet Protocol
 Enables computers to route communications traffic from one
network to another network as needed
 All networks connected to the internet use IP, so they all can
exchange messages.
How the internet works
 IP protocol:
 Set of rules used to pass packets from one host to another
 IP address:
 A 64-bit number that identifies a computer on the internet
 Domain Name System(DNS):
 translates human-readable domain names
 Uniform resource locator(URL):
 Web address that specifies the exact location of the webpage
using letters and words that map to an IP address and a
location on the host
How the internet works(continued)
How the internet works(continued)
 Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers (ICANN):
 Responsible for managing IP addresses and internet domain
names
 Ensure that each domain name represents only one
individual or entity- the one that legally registers it.
 Has authority to resolve domain name disputes
How the internet works(continued)
 How the internet works(continued)
 Accessing internet:
 Access method determined by the size and capability of your
organization or system, your budget, and the services
available to you
 Connecting via a LAN server
 Connecting via Internet service providers
 Any organization that provides internet access to people
 Must have an account with the service provider along with software
 Wireless connection
How web works
 The World Wide Web was developed by Tim Berners-Lee
 The Internet and the Web are two different technologies
 Internet is made up of computers, networks hw, sw, and TCP/IP
protocol
 Web consists of server and client software, HTTP, standards, and
markup languages that combine to deliver information and services
over the internet
 Designed to make information easy to find and organize
 It connects billions of documents(web pages) stored on millions of
servers around the world
 Accessed through client software called a web browser
Internet and Web Applications
 The variety of internet and web applications available to individuals
and organizations around the world is vast and ever-expanding
 Over the years, the web has evolved from a directional resource to a
dimensional resource (web 2.0)
 News
 Online shopping
 Search Engine
 Education and training
 Instant message
 Conferencing
 Blog
 Online media and entertainment
 Intranets and Extranets
 An intranet is a private network contained within an enterprise
that is used to securely share company information and
computing resources among employees.
 An extranet is a private network that enterprises use to provide
trusted third parties -- such as suppliers, vendors, partners,
customers and other businesses -- secure, controlled access to
business information or operations.
INTERNET OF THINGS
try to cover by yourself