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    XRF (1)

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    mahnoormukhtar347

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    XRF (1)

    Uploaded by

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    13 views11 pages

    XRF (1)

    Uploaded by

    mahnoormukhtar347

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    XRF (X-ray fluorescence

    spectroscopy)
    Presented by:
    Sitara Farooq MS-11F23
    Presented to:
    DR. Athar Javed
    INTRODUCTION TO XRF

     X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) is an analytical technique that uses the


    interaction of X-rays with a material to determine its elemental
    composition.
     XRF is suitable for solids, liquids and powders, and in most circumstances
    is non-destructive.
     Each of the elements present in a sample produces a set of characteristic
    fluorescent X-rays (“a fingerprint”) that is unique for that specific
    element, which is why XRF spectroscopy is an excellent technology for
    qualitative and quantitative analysis of material composition.
    PRINCIPLE

    • It relies on the interaction between X-rays and the atoms


    within a sample to produce characteristic fluorescent X-
    rays
    • These fluorescent X-rays have energies and wavelengths
    that are characteristic of the specific elements present in
    the sample
    • Which are then detected and analyzed to determine the
    elements present.
    INSTRUMENTATION AND PROCESS

    • All XRF instruments are designed around two major


    components
    • an X-ray source, commonly an X-ray tube, and a
    detector.
    • Primary X-rays are generated by the source and
    directed at the sample’s surface, sometimes passing
    through a filter to modify the X-ray beam.
    • When the beam hits the atoms in the sample, they Fig. Instrumentation of
    react by generating secondary X-rays that are XRF
    collected and processed by a detector.
    PROCESS

    • The basic mechanism of XRF involves the


    ejection of an inner shell electron from an
    atom, creating a vacancy.
    • This vacancy is then filled by an electron from
    an outer shell, releasing the excess energy in
    the form of a fluorescent X-ray.
    • The energy of the emitted X-ray is unique to
    each element, allowing for the identification
    and quantification of the elements present in
    the sample.
    XRF ANALYSIS

    • Emitted X-rays processed in the analyzer to


    generate a spectrum showing the X-ray's
    intensity peaks versus their energy.
    • As we have seen, the peak energy identifies
    the element. Its peak area or intensity gives
    an indication of its amount in the sample.
    • The analyzer then uses this information to
    calculate the sample's elemental
    composition
    METHODS

    • In general, the energy of the emitted X-rays for a particular element is


    independent of the chemistry of the material.
    • For example, a calcium peak obtained from CaCO3, CaO and CaCl2 will
    be in exactly the same spectral position for all three materials.
    • There are two different methods of XRF spectroscopy
    • Energy dispersive XRF (EDXRF)
    • Wave dispersive XRF (WDXRF)
    DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EDXRF &
    WDXRF

    EDXRF WDXRF
    • Allows for quick and easy analysis of • Elemental quantification and defect
    even irregular samples analysis
    • With little to no sample preparation • Uses extra components such as
    collimator and analyzing crystal etc.
    • Fewer components used
    • Can achieve lower detection limits,
    • Generally has higher detection limits,
    making it better for trace element
    making it more suitable for major and
    analysis.
    minor element analysis.
    BASIC DESIGN OF EDXRF AND
    WDXRF

    Fig. Shows the basic designs of EDXRF and WDXRF


    spectrometers
    ADVANTAGES OF XRF

    • Non-Destructive Analysis
    XRF is a highly versatile technique that allows for the analysis of a wide range of
    materials without causing damage or altering the sample.
    • Rapid and Accurate
    XRF provides fast, accurate, and quantitative elemental analysis
    • Broad Applicability
    XRF has a wide range of applications across various industries, including metallurgy,
    geology, environmental science, art and archaeology.
    THANK YOU

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