GDScript Playground

https://gd.tumeo.space/
Introduction to GDScript
1. Introduction to GDScript
• GDScript is a high-level, dynamically typed programming language
used to create games and applications within the Godot Engine.

• It is designed specifically for Godot, making it tightly integrated with

the engine's features.
Learning Objectives:
• Understand what GDScript is and its purpose.
• Familiarize with GDScript's syntax and structure.
• Get comfortable writing basic GDScript scripts.
2. Basics and Fundamentals of
GDScript
2.1 Variables and Data Types
• Variables are used to store information that can be referenced and
manipulated within a program. GDScript supports several data types,
including integers, floats, strings, and booleans.
Example: extends Node
var var_sample = "Cortez"

var age = 25 # Integer func _ready():

var type_of_my_name = typeof(var_sample)
var name = "Godot" # String match type_of_my_name:
TYPE_NIL: print("Data type: Nil")
var height = 5.9 # Float TYPE_BOOL: print("Data type: Bool")
TYPE_INT: print("Data type: Int")
var is_active = true # Boolean TYPE_FLOAT: print("Data type: Float")
TYPE_STRING: print("Data type: String")
TYPE_VECTOR2: print("Data type: Vector2")
TYPE_VECTOR3: print("Data type: Vector3")
TYPE_OBJECT: print("Data type: Object")
Challenge: Write a script that:
• Defines three variables: x, y, and z.
• Assigns values to x and y.
• Sets z to the sum of x and y.
• Prints the value of z.
2.2 Constants
• Constants are similar to variables but cannot be changed once
defined. They are often used for values that remain constant
throughout the program.
Example:
const PI = 3.14159
const MAX_PLAYERS = 4
2.3 Operators and Operands
• Operators are symbols that tell the program to perform specific
mathematical, logical, or relational operations. Operands are the
values or variables on which the operators act.
Example:
var a = 10
var b = 5
var sum = a + b # Addition
var difference = a - b # Subtraction
var product = a * b # Multiplication
var quotient = a / b # Division
var remainder = a % b # Modulus
Challenge: Write a script that:
• Defines two variables width and height.
• Calculates and prints the area of a rectangle using these variables.
2.4 Conditional Statements
(if/elif/else)
• Conditional statements allow you to execute certain code blocks
based on specific conditions.
Example:
var score = 85

if score >= 90:

print("Grade: A")
elif score >= 80:
print("Grade: B")
else:
print("Grade: C or lower")
Challenge:
Create a variable temperature, then write a conditional statement that
prints:
"It's hot" if temperature is greater than 30.
"It's warm" if it's between 20 and 30,
and "It's cold" if it's below 20.
I strongly discourage using ChatGPT or any AI
tools to answer direct coding problems.
Challenge:
Takes an integer number and checks if it's positive, negative, or zero.
Prints an appropriate message for each case.
2.5 Loops (while loop)
• Loops allow you to execute a block of code multiple times. The while
loop runs as long as a specified condition is true.
Example:
var count = 0

while count < 5:

print("Count is", count)
count += 1
DON’T JUST WRITE CODE YOU
DON’T UNDERSTAND!
2.6 Loops (for loop)
• A for loop is a control flow statement that allows code to be executed
repeatedly by iterating over a sequence of elements (such as a range
of numbers, an array, or other iterable structures). The loop continues
for each item in the sequence, executing the code block inside the
loop.

• In GDScript, the for loop typically uses the range() function or iterates
over elements in a list, dictionary, or other iterable collections.
Example: Iterating Over a Range of
Numbers
for i in range(5):
print(i)
Example: Iterating Over an Array
var fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for fruit in fruits:

print(fruit)
Challenge:
1. Using for loop, print all odd numbers from 1 to 30.
Challenge:
2. Given a list of numbers, find the product of all even numbers.
var numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]

Expected result:
The product is: 46080
2.7 Match Statement
• The match statement in GDScript is similar to the switch statement in
other languages. It allows you to compare a variable against multiple
values and execute different code depending on the match.
Example:
var day = "Monday"

match day:
"Monday", "Wednesday", "Friday":
print("You have classes today.")
"Saturday", "Sunday":
print("It's the weekend!")
_:
print("It's a regular day.")
Challenge:
Defines a variable command with values like "start", "stop", or "pause".
Uses a match statement to print appropriate actions based on the value
of command.
Intermediate GDScript
Concepts
1. Introduction
• This lesson will introduce functions, arrays, dictionaries, and object-
oriented programming (OOP) principles in GDScript.
Learning Objectives:
• Understand and create functions in GDScript.
• Work with arrays and dictionaries to manage collections of data.
• Explore basic object-oriented programming concepts like classes and
inheritance.
2. Intermediate Concepts in
GDScript
2.1 Functions
• Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform a specific task.
They help organize your code and make it more modular and
readable.
Example:
func greet(name):
print("Hello, " + name + "!")

greet("Godot")
Challenge:
1. Write a function called add_numbers that takes two arguments and
returns their sum.
2. Write a function is_even that takes an integer and returns true if it's
even, and false if it's odd.
2.2 Arrays
• Arrays are collections of elements that can be accessed by their index.
They are useful for storing lists of items.
Examples:
var fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

print(fruits[0]) # Outputs: apple

fruits.append("date")
print(fruits) # Outputs: ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date"]
Challenge:
Create an array called numbers with the values [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].

1. Add the number 6 to the array.

2. Print the length of the array.
Challenge:
Given the item array ['HunterXHunter', 'Doraemon', 'Harry Potter',
'Fantastic Beasts'], write a function that determines if a given value
exists within it. The function should take two parameters: the array and
the search item.
If the search item exists in the array, print “Search item exists in the
array”; otherwise, print “Search item does not exist in the array”.
2.3 Dictionaries
• Dictionaries store key-value pairs, similar to objects or maps in other
languages. They allow for quick lookups by key.
Example:
var player = {
"name": "PlayerOne",
"score": 100,
"lives": 3
}

print(player["name"]) # Outputs: PlayerOne

player["score"] += 50
print(player["score"]) # Outputs: 150
Challenge:
1. Create a dictionary car with keys "make", "model", and "year".
Add a new key "color" with a value to the dictionary.
2. Given the dictionaries below, create a function that calculates and
returns the average grade.
var grades = {
"Math": 90,
"Science": 85,
"English": 92,
"History": 88
}
Expected result:
The average grade is: 88
2.4 Object-Oriented Programming
(OOP) in GDScript
2.4.1 Classes and Objects
• In GDScript, you can define classes to create custom objects. A class is
like a blueprint for objects, defining properties and methods
(functions) that the objects will have.
Example:
class_name Player

var name: String

var health: int

func _init(_name, _health):

name = _name
health = _health

func take_damage(amount):
health -= amount
if health <= 0:
print(name + " is dead.")

var player = Player.new("Hero", 100)

player.take_damage(20)
Challenge:
Create a class Animal with properties name and sound.
Add a method make_sound that prints the sound the animal makes.
Create an instance of Animal and call make_sound.
Challenge:
Defines a class Enemy with properties like type, health, and damage.
Adds a method attack that prints an attack message.
Creates multiple Enemy objects with different types and attacks.
2.4.2 Inheritance
• Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and methods from
another class. This helps in reusing code and creating a hierarchy of
classes.
Example:
class_name Enemy

var health: int

func take_damage(amount):
health -= amount
if health <= 0:
print("Enemy defeated.")

class Boss extends Enemy

var special_attack: String

func use_special():
print("Boss uses " + special_attack + "!")
Challenge:
Create a base class Vehicle with properties speed and color.
Create a subclass Car that inherits from Vehicle and adds a new
property make.
Create an instance of Car and print its properties.
Challenge:
Defines a class Character with properties like name and level.
Defines a subclass Wizard that adds a property mana and a method
cast_spell.
Creates a Wizard object and demonstrates casting a spell.
Remember:

I strongly discourage using ChatGPT or any AI

tools to answer direct coding problems.