Cloud Computing

(SBI SO Syllabus)
What is Cloud Computing?
• Definition : Cloud Computing is the delivery of computing services like storage,
databases, networking, and software over the internet. It allows users to access
and use resources remotely, without needing local hardware or infrastructure.
• Ex. we an upload photo on google drive and access it via internet
• Internet Based Access(feature) : Cloud services are accessed via the internet.
Users only need an internet connection and a device, such as a laptop or phone,
to access resources hosted in cloud data canter's worldwide.
• Example Providers : Major cloud computing providers include (Amazon)Amazon
Web Services(AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud which offer various
services like storage, computing power and databases.
Benefits :
• Cost Savings : Cloud computing reduces the need for upfront investments in physical hardware
and allows users to pay only for what they use, making it highly cost-effective.
• Scalability : The cloud can scale resources up or down based on demand. Whether you need
extra storage, more computing power, or new applications, the cloud grows with your needs.
• Flexibility and Remote Access : Cloud services can be accessed from anywhere with an internet
connection, offering unparalleled flexibility and enabling remote work or collaboration from any
location.
• Cloud Computing :
• Definition : Cloud computing delivers computing services – such as storage, servers, and
databases – over the internet. Resources are accessed remotely and managed by third-party
providers.
• Benefits : Cloud computing offers scalability, cost savings and global access to services.
Businesses can scale resources on-demand without managing the underlying infrastructure.
• Example : A business might use cloud services to store data in remote servers and run
applications without investing in physical infrastructure.
A Key Characteristics of Cloud
Computing
• Definition : On-demand self-service -> allows users to provision cloud resources
such as servers, storage or networking instantly through automated processes,
without human intervention from the service provider.
• Benefits : Users have full control over their resources, enabling faster deployment
of applications, better cost management, and flexibility to scale resources as
needed.
• Example : A developer can easily launch a new virtual machine storage system
from a cloud provider’s dashboard or API within minutes, without waiting for IT
approval or setup.
• Definition : Broad network access -> means that cloud services are accessible from
anywhere with an internet connection, using devices like laptops, smartphones and
tablets.
• Benefits : Users can access cloud resources on-demand from multiple devices,
improving collaboration, remote work, and operational efficiency.
• Use Case : For example, a business can have its employees access shared cloud-based
applications from different locations worldwide, enabling seamless global
collaboration.

• Definition : Resource pooling -> enables cloud providers to serve multiple customers
by pooling resources like storage, processing, and memory, dynamically assigning
them based on demand.
• Benefits: Cloud providers maximize efficiency by sharing resources across users,
improving cost-effectiveness, scalability and availability.
• Example: a cloud provider can dynamically allocate storage space from a shared pool
to different users, ensuring optimal resource utilization based on real-time needs.
• Definition: Rapid Elasticity -> allows cloud resources to be quickly scaled up or down based
on user demand, ensuring that resources can handle spikes or drops I usage.
• Benefits: Elasticity ensures that users only pay for the resources they need, making cloud
services highly cost-efficient, while also ensuring performance under high demand.
• Example: For instance, an e-commerce website can scale up it’s computing power during a
sales event to handle increased traffic, the scale back down once demand normalizes.
• Definition: Measured service -> refers to the cloud’s ability to automatically monitor and
optimize resource usages, providing transparent data on usage and costs for users.
• Benefits: This enables cloud providers to offer pay-as-you-go billing models, ensuring that
users are billed accurately for the resources they consume, improving cost management.
• Example: A company using cloud services can track it’s resource consumption in real time,
making it easier to optimize costs and scale usage based on business needs
Types of Cloud Services (Cloud Service
Model)
1. Software as a Service(SaaS):
• Definition: SaaS delivers software applications over the internet. Users access
these applications through web browsers without needing to install or maintain
them locally.
• Ex- include Gmail, Google Workspace, and Salesforce.
• Benefits: SaaS eliminates the need for hardware or complex software
management, reducing costs and simplifying updates. It is ideal for businesses
needing quick access to powerful software tools.
• Use-Case: A company can use SaaS tools like Slack or Microsoft Office 365 to
collaborate with teams, manage projects, and communicate effectively, all
without the need for complex IT infrastructure.
2. Platform as a Service(PaaS):
• Definition: PaaS provides a platform for developers to build, test, and deploy applications
without managing the underlying infrastructure.
• Ex- includes Microsoft Azure and Google App Engine.
• Benefits: PaaS abstracts the complexity of managing servers, storage and networking,
allowing developers to focus on coding. This improves productivity and reduces time to
market.
• Use-Case: For instance, a company can use PaaS to develop and deploy a web application
without worrying about maintaining the servers or databases needed to run it.
3. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) :
• Definition: IaaS offers basic computing resources such as virtual machines,
storage and networking.
• It allows users to build and manage their infrastructure without buying physical
hardware.
• Ex- include AWS EC2 and Google Compute Engine.
• Benefits: IaaS gives users control over their infrastructure, enabling flexibility,
scalability, and cost savings. Users pay for only what they use, adjusting resources
as needed.
• Use-Case: A business can IaaS to launch virtual servers to host applications,
scaling up resources when demand increases and scaling down when demand
falls.
Types of Cloud
1. Public Cloud :
• Definition: Public cloud services are provided by third-party vendors over the
internet and shared among multiple customers.
• Ex- includes AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud.
• Benefits: Public clouds offer scalability, cost savings, and easy access to a wide
range of services. Businesses pay only for what they use and can scale resources
on demand.
• Use-Case: A start-up can use public cloud provider like AWS to quickly launch
applications, scaling as needed without investing in hardware.
2. Private Cloud :
• Definition: Private clouds are dedicated environments used by single organization, providing
greater control and security. They can be hosted on-premises or by third- party providers.
• Benefits: Private clouds offers enhanced security, control and customization. They are ideal
for organizations with strict regulatory or security requirements.
• Use-Case: A healthcare provider might use a private cloud to store sensitive patient data,
ensuring compliance with data protection regulations.

3. Hybrid Cloud :
• Definition: A hybrid cloud combines public and private cloud environments, allowing data
and applications to move between them. This provides flexibility while maintaining security
for sensitive workloads.
• Benefits: Hybrid cloud offer the best of both worlds, balancing the scalability of public
clouds with the security of private clouds. They are ideal for businesses with varying data
needs.
• Use-Case: A financial institution may use a hybrid cloud to keep sensitive customer data in a
private cloud while using the public cloud for less sensitive operations like marketing
campaigns.
What is Virtualization?
• Definition: Virtualization is the creation of virtual instances of computing
resources such as servers, storage and networks, allowing multiple systems to run
on a single physical machine.
• Benefits: Virtualization maximizes the use of hardware, reduces costs and
improves resource management, allowing multiple users to share computing
resources efficiently.
• Example- For instance, a company can use virtualization to run several virtual
machines on one physical server, each hosting a different application, reducing
hardware costs.
Types of Virtualization
1. Server Virtualization : Server virtualization divides a physical server into
multiple virtual servers, each running its own operating system. This improves
hardware efficiency and reduces costs.

2. Storage Virtualization : Storage virtualization pools physical storage from

multiple devices into a single virtual storage resource, making management
easier and optimizing storage usage.

3. Network Virtualization : Network virtualization abstracts physical network

resources, allowing multiple virtual networks to run on the same physical
infrastructure, improving scalability and efficiency.
• Role in cloud Computing : Virtualization allows cloud providers to offer scalable,
flexible, and efficient computing resources by abstracting hardware resources
into virtual instances.

• Dynamic Resource Allocation : With virtualization, cloud providers can

dynamically allocate resources like CPU, storage and memory to multiple users,
optimizing performance.

• Scalability : Virtualization makes it easy to scale cloud services up or down,

depending on user demand, ensuring efficient use of resources.
Cloud Computing vs Distributed Parallel
Computing
• Cloud Computing :
• Cloud computing delivers computing resources over the internet. Unlike
distributed parallel computing, Cloud environments offer dynamic scalability and
do not require dedicated hardware for users.
• Distributed Parallel Computing :
• Distributed parallel computing involves dividing a task across multiple processors
in a network. Each processor works on a part of the task, and result are combined
to complete the job.
• Key-Difference : While both distributed parallel computing and cloud computing
involve resource sharing, cloud computing is more service-oriented. While
distributed parallel computing is often used in specialized, high-performance
environments.
What is Containerization?
• Containerization packages an application and its dependencies into containers,
ensuring that it works in any environment consistently.
Why Containerization?
• Portability : Ensures that applications run across various environments.
• Efficiency : Shares the host OS, making containers lightweight.
• Isolation : Containers isolate applications from each other.
Docker: The Leading Containerization
Platform
• Docker provides tools for creating, running, and managing containers.
• Key Components :
• Docker Image : Template for creating containers.
• Docker Hub : Cloud-based repository for sharing images.
• Dockerfile : Instructions to create an image.
• Dockerfile Example :
• FROM node:14
• WORKDIR /app
• COPY package.json/app
• RUN npm install
• COPY ./app
• CMD [“npm”, ”start”]
• EXPOSE 3000
Continuous Integration and Continuous
Delivery (CI/CD)
• Continuous Integration (CI) :
• Definition :
• Continuous Integration (CI) involves regularly merging all developers changes to the main branch,
with automated builds and tests triggered by every commit.
• Key Features :
1. Automated builds and tests.
2. Frequent code commits and integration.
3. Early detection of integration issues.
• Benefits :
1. Ensures code quality.
2. Allows for incremental updates
3. Provides immediate feedback for developers.
• Continuous Delivery (CD) :
• Definition :
• Continuous Delivery (CD) automates the deployment of code to production-like
environments after passing all test stages.
• Key Features :
1. Automates release processes.
2. Ensures code is always ready for production.
3. Short release cycles.
CI/CD Pipeline
• A typical CI/CD pipeline involves several steps :
1. Source Control (managing code changes).
2. Build (compiling the code).
3. Automated Testing (unit tests, integration tests).
4. Deployment (to production or staging environments).
5. Monitoring (ensuring performance and catching bugs).
6. Popular Tools : Jenkins, GitLab CI, Travis CI.
Benefits of CI/CD
• Key Benefits :
1. Faster time to market : Continuous delivery speeds up releases.
2. Improved code quality : Automated testing ensures high code standards.
3. Reduced manual effort : Automation eliminates repetitive tasks.
4. Lower risk : Frequent updates reduce the chance of large-scale failures.