Review 1

HEART DISEASE PREDICTION SYSTEM

1VI22IS049 MANOJ R
1VI23IS401 CHANDU KUMAR

Guide: Mrs. A. STELLA

• Introduction
• Problem Statement
• Literature Survey
• Methodology
• Proposed System
• Modelling and Analysis
• Result and discussion
• Conclusion
• References
1. Introduction:
• Heart is one of the most extensive and vital organ of human body so the care of heart is essential. Most of diseases are
related to heart so the prediction about heart diseases is necessary and for this purpose comparative study needed in
this field, today most of patient are died because their diseases are recognized at last stage due to lack of accuracy of
instrument so there is need to know about the more efficient algorithms for diseases prediction. Machine Learning is
one of the efficient technology for the testing, which is based on training and testing. It is the branch of Artificial
Intelligence(AI) which is one of broad area of learning where machines emulating human abilities, machine learning is
a specific branch of AI. On the other hand machines learning systems are trained to learn how to process and make use
of data hence the combination of both technology is also called as Machine Intelligence.
• As the definition of machine learning, it learns from the natural phenomenon, natural things so in this project we uses
the biological parameter as testing data such as cholesterol, Blood pressure, sex, age, etc. and on the basis of these,
comparison is done in the terms of accuracy of algorithms such as in this project we have used three algorithms which
are logistic regression, random forest , SVM. In this paper, we calculate the accuracy of three different machine
learning approaches and on the basis of calculation we conclude that which one is best among them.
• The Heart is an indispensable organ in Human beings. Heart disease is the main reason for the deaths of many
people in the world. As per WHO, every year 12 million deaths are caused due to cardiovascular disease. Heart
Disease is like a silent killer which results in the death of a person without obvious symptoms. Early
identification of disease leads to prevention of disease and which in turn reduces the complications. As we say,
prevention is better than cure, preventing heart disease can be able to prevent many premature deaths and
reduce the mortality rate. Doctors may not be able to monitor the patient for 24 hours. Although there are lots
of instruments in the market, they are not capable of detecting heart disease accurately and some of the
instruments are very expensive and would also require expertise in the field. Machine learning is a trending
technology, which is a subclass of artificial intelligence. Machine learning allows machines to enhance at tasks
with experience. Machine learning enables a system to identify patterns by itself and make predictions.
• In this project, we use machine learning to predict whether a person is having heart disease or not. We
consider various attributes of patients like gender, chest pain type, fasting blood pressure, serum cholesterol,
exang, etc. We utilize various algorithms like SVM, Random Forest, Logistic Regression. Based on attributes, we
perform a comparative analysis of algorithms regarding the accuracy, and whichever algorithm is giving better
accuracy, is considered for heart disease prediction.
2. Problem statement:
• Heart plays significant role in living organisms. Diagnosis and prediction of heart related diseases requires more
precision, perfection and correctness because a little mistake can cause fatigue problem or death of the person,
there are numerous death cases related to heart and their counting is increasing exponentially day by day. To
deal with the problem there is essential need of prediction system for awareness about diseases.
• Machine learning is the branch of Artificial Intelligence(AI), it provides prestigious support in predicting any kind
of event which take training from natural events. In this paper, we calculate accuracy of machine learning
algorithms for predicting heart disease, for this algorithms are logistic regression , random forest classifier and
support vector machine(SVM) by using kaggle dataset for training and testing. For implementation of Python
programming Anaconda(jupyter) notebook is best tool, which have many type of library, header file, that make
the work more accurate and precise.
3. Literature Survey :
This paper describes the prediction of heart disease in the medical field through the use of data science. Because a
lot of research carries out research related to that problem, the accuracy of the forecast has yet to be Improved.
Therefore, this research focuses on features Selection techniques and algorithms in which multiple data sets on heart
disease are used for experimental analysis and to show greater accuracy. we propose a novel method that aims at
finding significant features by applying machine learning techniques resulting in improving the accuracy in the
prediction of cardiovascular disease. The prediction Model is introduced with different combinations of Features and
several known classification techniques. In this paper, they analyze the commonly used classification algorithms in the
medical data set that helps predict heart diseases that are the main ones Cause of death throughout the world. It is
complex for doctors Professionals to anticipate the heart attack as required experience and knowledge The
healthcare sector today contains hidden but meaningful information to create decisions The experiments carried out
reveal this algorithm As expected
Table 1: Literature Survey 1
Table 2: Literature Survey 2
4. Methodology:
This paper shows the analysis of various machine learning algorithms, the algorithms that are used are SVM, Logistic
Regression and Random Forest Classifiers, which can be helpful for practitioners or medical analysts for accurately
diagnosing Heart Disease. This paperwork includes examining the journals, published paper and the data of
cardiovascular disease of the recent times. Methodology gives a framework for the proposed model The methodology is
a process which includes steps that transform given data into recognized data patterns for the knowledge of the users.
The proposed methodology includes steps, where first step is referred as the collection of the data than in second stage
it extracts significant values than the 3rd is the processing stage where we explore the data. Data processing deals with
the missing values, cleaning of data and normalization depending on algorithms used . After processing of data, classifier
is used to classify the processed data the classifier used in the proposed model are SVM. Logistic Regression, Random
Forest Classifier. Finally, the proposed model is undertaken, where we evaluated our model on the basis of accuracy and
performance using various performance metrics. Here in this model, an effective Heart Disease Prediction System
(EHDPS) has been developed using different classifiers. This model uses 13 medical parameters such as chest pain,
fasting sugar, blood pressure, cholesterol, age, sex etc. for prediction .
Table 3: Attributes of the Dataset
5. Proposed System:
The working of the system starts with the collection of data and selecting the important attributes. Then the required data is
processed into the required format. The data is then divided into two parts training and testing data. The algorithms are
applied and the model is trained using the training data. The accuracy of the system is obtained by testing the system using
the testing data. This system is implemented using the following modules.
1. Collection of Dataset.
2. Data Processing.
3. EDA.
4. Splitting of dataset.
5. Applying different algorithms
6. checking accuracy scores of algorithms.
7. Applying different model evaluation techniques.
8. Prediction on new data values.
9. Save model using JOBLIB.
10. GUI.
6. Modeling and Analysis:
We are using different machine learning algorithms like.
1. logistic regression.
2. SVM (support vector machine)
3. Random forest classifier
Among these algorithms which one gives better accuracy will be the final algorithm for our prediction system which
predicts whether patient is suffering from heart disease or not.
Algorithms and Techniques Used :
1. Logistic Regression: Logistic regression is also a supervised learning classification algorithm that is used to solve both
classification and regression problems. In classification problems, the target variable may be in a binary or discrete format
either 0 or 1. Logistic regression algorithm works on the sigmoid function, so the categorical variable results as 0 or 1, Yes
or No, True or False, etc. It is a predictive analysis algorithm that works on mathematical functions. Logistic regression
uses a sigmoid function or logistic function which is a complex cost function. The sigmoid functions return the value
between 0 and 1. If the value less than 0.5 then it is considered as 0 and greater than 0.5 it is considered as 1. Thus to
build a model using logistic regression sigmoid function is required.
2. Random Forest:
Random Forest classifier is a supervised learning technique in machine learning. It can be used to solve both Classification
and Regression problems in machine learning. It is based on the process of combining multiple classifiers to solve a complex
problem and to improve the performance of the model, which is known as ensemble learning. Random Forest consists of
several decision trees on various subsets of the given dataset and takes the average to improve the predictive accuracy of that
dataset. Rather than relying on a single decision tree, the random forest acquires the prediction from each tree, and based on
the majority of votes for predictions, it predicts the final output. The higher number of trees in the forest leads to better
accuracy and also prevents the problem of over fitting. The final output is taken by using the majority voting classifier for a
classification problem while in the case of a regression problem the final output is the mean of all the outputs.
3. Support Vector Machine:
Support vector machine (SVM) is a supervised learning algorithm that is used to analyze data. It is used to resolve
classification and regression problems. An SVM model is a delineation of the examples as points in space, mapped so that the
examples of the discrete categories are divided by a clear gap. The points are separated by a plane which is known as a hyper
plane. A set of training data is given to it to mark them as belonging to either one of two categories; an SVM training
algorithm then builds a model that assigns new examples of the same space are mapped and then predicts to which category
they belong, making it a nonprobabilistic binary linear classifier.
 7. Result and Discussion:
Based on the above review, it can be concluded that there is a huge scope for machine learning algorithms in
predicting cardiovascular diseases or heart related diseases. Each of the above-mentioned algorithms have
performed extremely well in some cases but poorly in some other cases. Random Forest performed
extremely well because they solve the problem of overfitting. SVM performed well for most of the cases.
Systems based on machine learning algorithms and techniques have been very accurate in predicting the
heart related diseases but still there is a lot scope of research to be done on how to handle high dimensional
data and overfitting. After performing the machine learning approach for testing and training we use three
algorithms as SVM , Random forest classifier , logistic regression. Accuracy should be calculated of each
algorithms .Among these 3 algorithms which one gives better accuracy will be the final algorithm for our
heart disease prediction system.
8. Conclusion:
• This project predicts people with heart disease by extracting the patient medical history that leads to a fatal
heart disease from a dataset that includes patients' medical history such as chest pain, sugar level, blood
pressure,etc.
• Heart is one of the essential and vital organ of human body and prediction about heart diseases is also
important concern for the human beings so that the accuracy for algorithm is one of parameter for analysis
of performance of algorithms.
• Accuracy of the algorithms in machine learning depends upon the dataset that used for training and testing
purpose.
9. References:
[1] Ujma Ansari, Jyoti Soni, Dipesh Sharma, Sunita Soni. "Predictive Data Mining for Medical Diagnosis: An Overview of Heart
Disease Prediction", 258493784 Predictive Data Mining for Medical Diagnosis An Overview of Heart Disease Prediction. March
2011Data Mining in Healthcare for Heart Diseases.
[2] C. Beyene, P. Kamat, "Survey on Prediction and Analysis the Occurrence Of Heart Disease Using Data Mining Techniques"
https://www.researchgate.net/publication /323277772 Survey on prediction and analysis the occurrence of heart disease using
data mining techniques. 118(8):165-173 January 2018
[3] Muhammad Usama Riaz, SHAHID MEHMOOD AWAN, ABDULGHAFFAR KHAN, "PREDICTION OF HEART DISEASE USING
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK",https://www.researchgate.net/publication 1328630348 PREDICTION_OF_HEART
DISEASE_USING_ARTIFICIAL_N EURAL NETWORK. October 2018
[4] Komal Kumar Napa, G.Sarika Sindhu, D.Krishna, Prashanthi, A.Shaeen Sulthana, "Analysis and Prediction of Cardio Vascular
Disease using Machine Classifiers" https://www.researchgate.net/publication 1340885231 Analysis and Prediction of Cardio
Vascular Disease using machine Learning Classifiers, April 2020.
[5] Prediction of Heart Disease Using Machine Learning:- Aditi Gavhane, Gouthami Kokkula, Isha Pandya, Prof. Kailas
Devadkar (PhD) - 2018.
[6] Effective heart disease prediction using hybrid learning techniques:-Senthil Kumar mohan, chandrasegar
thirumalai, and Gautam Srivastava (19 JUNE 2019)
[7] Prediction of Heart Disease at early stage using Data Mining and Big Data Analytics: A Survey: Salma Banu N.K.
Suma Swamy.-2019.
[8] Prediction of Heart Disease Using Machine Learning Algorithms. Mr.Santhana Krishnan.J,Dr.Geetha.S2019.
[9] https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/johnsmith88/heart-disease-dataset