3a Chemicals Market Applications

Focus Markets/Application
Value Premises
Where do we look for profitable

sales?
Where do we have value?
Air Pollution Control Market

Reduce Costs!

Make more effective
Product Collection Market

Improve throughput

Increase Production Rate

Improve collection of valuable product

Improve “availability”

Reduce Costs
Air Pollution Control Market

Metals

Energy

Incineration
Product Collection Market

Chemicals

Minerals (Cement, Lime)
CHEMICALS
Key Benefits in Chemicals
 Increased product recovery:

membrane allows less fine particulate to escape (higher yields)
 Improved product quality:

can design for finer particulate
 Increased production:

throughput can be increased due to higher A/C and cake release
 High temperature capability:

Up to 500°F
 Upset recoverability:

GORE-TEX® membrane provides excellent moist cake release
The Chemicals Processing Industry (CPI) is a very diverse group of applications

End-Uses
Food Milk Plastics
Chem Misc 1% Pigments
11% 4% 7%
(Non-TiO2)
5%
General
Organics
5%
TiO2
General 34%
Inorganics
23%
Agrichemicals
Silicates/
1%
Catalysts
Pharm. 5%
4%
Applications
Dryers
Definition of drying:

Drying is a unit operation in which a
liquid is separated from a solid by
supplying heat, resulting into
evaporation of the liquid.
Applications
Dryers
Drying Process
A typical drying curve
moisture content
heated temperature
moisture content
FALLING
product temeprature
RATE ZONE
CONSTANT
RATE ZONE
time
Applications
Drying Processes
 Constant rate drying
Energy is used for (surface) evaporation only

For direct drying, material reaches steady state near gas wet bulb
temperature
For indirect drying, material reaches steady

state near liquid boiling point
Evaporation rate is primarily controlled by the rate of heat

transfer from the energy source
Applications
Drying Processes
Falling rate drying
Energy is used for evaporation and product heat up,
while the evaporation rate decreases.
Drying is now diffusion rate limited.
Drying within the falling rate zone is controlled by the

residence time and particle temperature.
Applications
Methods of Drying
 Direct Drying established through direct contact between

the product and the heating medium (gas).
This method is also called convective drying.
 Indirect Drying is established from a hot surface in

contact with the product. The heating medium and
productare separated through a wall. This method is also
called conductive drying
Batch versus Continuous Dryers
Batch Dryers Continuous Dryers
 small quantities of product  large quantities of product
processed (< 100 kg/hr) processed(> 100 kg/hr)
 large added value for the  (relatively) low added value of
product
product
 bulk chemicals and other goods
 batch identification required
 various options for drying possible
(pharmaceuticals)
 minimal product handling required
 no other process possible
and extensively automated
(such as objects) processes
 most cases product handling
required (labor intensive)
Batch-Type Dryers
Tumble dryer
 Filter is located inside
the dryer
 Tumbling ensures intimate
contact between filter
cloth and product
 Risk of blinding of
(conventional) bags
 Issues on pressure drops
(limited filter area
possible)
Batch-Type Dryers
Batch-Type Dryers
Nauta Vacuum Drying System
Continuous Direct Dryers
Spray Dryer
 Used for pumpable wet
products
 Agglomeration possible
(depends on processing
method)
 Wide range of
applications
Spray dryers
 mixed flow for obtaining coarse
products that can withstand heat for
a short period of time
 co-current for processing products
that are heat sensitive.
Product temperature is lower than
the drying temperature
 counter-current for processing
products that are not heat sensitive
and require a degree of heat
treatment.
(to obtain special properties)
Fluid Bed Dryer
 Uses gas to fluidize solids
 Particles need uniform size
distribution ( 100- 5.000 µm)
 Various stages possible by
using baffles (profiling T)
 require large floor space but are
easy to control and maintain
 Some use bags integrated
in dryer housing (risk of abrasion
from the bed itself)
 Risk of re-entrainment of fines
Rotary drum and kilns
 Used for thermal processing
 Most in bulk chemicals and
minerals
 Low cost per ton of product
 Can handle a wide range of
products that are often not heat
sensitive
 High BH inlet temperatures to
be considered.
Mill Dryer
 combines drying and milling
(some classify as well)
 Mill design adapted for drying
(allows higher air flows
needed for drying)
 scale up limitations due to
mechanical design
 All use product collectors
Continuous In-Direct Dryers
Implications
 Majority (if not all) work close to the dew point and use
minimal amounts of gas. Most use counter current sweep gas.
 Type of dryer depends on the wet product to be handled
as well as objectives in residence time.
 Almost all work under atmospheric conditions, so the product
must be able to withstand temperatures above the boiling point
of the liquid.
 A steady state of the drying process is reached inside the dryer.
 Scale up limitations due to mechanical design.
Continuous In-Direct Dryers
Disc Dryer Paddle Dryer

Other Applications
Conveying

Pneumatic

Mechanical
Size Reduction Equipment

Micronizers

Jet/Turbo Mills
Furnaces/reactors

Calcination

Combustion

Polymerization

3a Chemicals Market Applications

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Copyright:

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3a Chemicals Market Applications

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Available Formats

Focus Markets/Application

Where do we look for profitable

The Chemicals Processing Industry (CPI) is a very diverse group of applications

Energy is used for (surface) evaporation only

For indirect drying, material reaches steady

Evaporation rate is primarily controlled by the rate of heat

Drying is now diffusion rate limited.

Drying within the falling rate zone is controlled by the

 Direct Drying established through direct contact between

 Indirect Drying is established from a hot surface in

Disc Dryer Paddle Dryer

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