Frictional Force

Exploring its Role, Limiting Friction, and Types

 WHAT IS • Frictional force is the resistive force
FRICTIONAL that acts opposite to the direction of
FORCE? motion when two surfaces come in
contact. It arises due to surface
irregularities and interlocking of
surfaces.

• Friction is crucial in daily life. It

WHY IS FRICTION enables walking, driving,
IMPORTANT? writing, and more. Without
friction, motion would be
uncontrollable
FORMULA:µN
Here f=force of friction
N=value of normal force
1. Nature of surfaces in
contact.

2. Normal force acting

FACTORS
between the surfaces.
AFFECTIN
G
3. Surface area (to a
FRICTION
lesser extent).
 • Friction opposes motion but is also
necessary for initiating motion. It
provides grip and prevents slipping.
• What role does friction play in
ROLE OF motion?
FRICTION • Friction can slow things down and
IN MOTION stop stationary things from moving.
In a frictionless world, more objects
would be sliding about, shoes would
be difficult to keep on and it would
be very difficult for people or cars to
get moving or change direction.
 LAWS OF FRICTION:-
• Friction of the moving object is proportional and
perpendicular to the normal force applied on it.
• The friction experienced by the object depends on
the nature of the surface it is in contact with.
• Friction is independent of the area of contact as
long as there is an area of contact
• Kinetic friction is independent of velocity.
• The coefficient of static friction is greater than the
coefficient of kinetic friction
 APPLICATIONS OF FRICTION
1. Walking and running. 2. Braking in vehicles.

3. Writing with pens or pencils. 4. Fastening objects with screws

or nails.
 FRICTION IN NATURE

1. Animal claws provide grip.

2. Gecko feet use microscopic hairs for friction.

3. Bird wings minimize fluid friction.

FRICTION IN
1. Friction in brakes and clutches.
TECHNOLOGY
2. Bearings reduce friction in machinery.

3. Aerodynamics reduce fluid friction in

vehicles.
 PROBLEMS:-
1)Force of 100N is exerted on the box kept on the
floor with the coefficient of static friction of
0.2.Find the friction force
Ans:Force of static friction is given by:
Fs= µsFN
Here µs is the coefficient of static friction and N is the
normal force.
µs=0.2 and N=100 N
Plugging the values in the equation,
Fs=µSFN=Fs=(0.2)(100)
=Fs=20 N
TYPES OF FRICTION

1. 2.
Static Kinetic
Frictio Frictio
n n
3. 4.
Rolling Fluid
Frictio Frictio
n n
 STATIC FRICTION

• Static friction acts on stationary objects

to prevent them from starting to move.
It is the strongest type of friction.
Formula:
Fstatic<=µsN
Example: A book resting on a
table does not slide even when a
small force is applied
KINETIC FRICTION(SLIDING
FRICTION)
• Sliding friction occurs when one
object slides over another. It is less
than static friction.
Formula:
Fkinetic=µkN
Key Note: µk (coefficient of
kinetic friction) is usually
smaller than µs
ROLLING FRICTION

• Rolling friction acts on

rolling objects like
wheels. It is weaker than
sliding and static friction.
The coefficient used for
the Rolling friction is
determined C and is
known
Formula:as Dimensionless
rolling resistance
Frolling=µrN
coefficient
 FLUID FRICTION

• Fluid friction, also called drag,

acts on objects moving
through fluids like air or water.
Example:
• Air resistance on a moving
car.
• Resistance felt when
swimming in water.
 Limiting friction is
the maximum static
friction force that
must be overcome
to initiate motion.
 The limiting frictional
force is independent
LIMITING
of the area of
contact and is
FRICTION
proportional to the
reasonable reaction
between the
contacting surfaces
 FACTORS AFFECTING
LIMITING FRICTION

1. NATURE OF 2. SURFACE 3. NORMAL FORCE.

MATERIALS IN ROUGHNESS.
CONTACT.
 PROBLEMS:-
1. A 15 kg crate is pushed on a horizontal surface with
a force of 60 N ,applied at an agle of 40˚ to the
horizontal .The coefficient of limiting friction is 0.35
a)Calculate the normal reaction force acting on the
crate
b)Determine whether the crate moves under the
applied force
Ans:
N=mg-Fsinθ
N=15*9.8-60*sin40 ≈ 108.6-38.6=70 N
Flimiting=µn=0.35*70=24.5N
Since Fhorizontal>Flimiting,the crate moves.
2.A 5kg block is placed on top of a 10 kg block,and the
system is placed on a rough horizontal surface.The
coefficient of static friction between the block is 0.4,and
between the bottom block and the ground is 0.3.
a)Find the maximum horizontal force that can be applied
to the lower block such that the upper block does not slip.
b)Determine if the system moves when a 50N force is
applied.
Ans:
a)Friction between blocks:
Fupper=µN=0.4*(5*9.8)=19.6N
b)Limiting friction for the lower block:
Flower=µ(10*9.8)=0.3*98=29.4N
• Friction is a resistive force
essential for motion
control. and
management.We are able
to reduce friction by
various methods .
• It has various uses,types SUMMARY
and plays a greater role
than known in real life.
• Understanding its types
and roles helps in its
effective application
Thank You
- By Shobanaa and Meghana