USMLE QUESTIONS

Dr Subodh Yadav
Associate Professor
MBBS.MS.DMUD
• The excess of nutrients which are not used immediately are converted into
fats and stored in which of the following?
A) Areolar tissue
B) Adipose tissue
C) Dense regular connective tissue
D) Dense irregular connective tissue
Key-B
• The supportive skeletal structures in the human external ears and in the tip
of nose are example of which of the following?
A) Ligament
B) Areolar tissue
C) Bone
D) Cartilage
Key- D
• A 30 year old male was admitted to the orthopedic ward with diagnosis of
tendocalcanitis. Tendon and ligament are example of which of the following
structure?
A) Dense regular connective tissue
B) Dense irregular connective tissue
C) Loose connective tissue
D) Specialized connective tissue
Key-A
• Strength, elasticity and flexibility to tissue is provided by the fibers of which
of the following?
A) Elastin
B) Adipose tissue
C) Elastin and collagen
D) Areolar tissue
Key-C
• Loose connective tissue has cells and fibers loosely arranged in a semifluid
ground substance. Which of the following can be taken as an example of it?
A) Areolar tissue
B) Cartilage
C) Adipose tissue
D) Areolar and adipose tissue
Key-D
• Which of the following structures or substances is incorrectly impaired with
a tissue?
A) Haversian system-bone
B) Platelets- blood
C) Fibroblasts-skeletal muscle
D) Chondroitin sulfate-cartilage
Key-C
• In which of the following, the collagen fibers are present in rows between
parallel bundles of fibers and it is an example of which type of dense
connective tissue?
A) Cartilage, irregular
B) Cartilage, regular
C) Tendon, irregular
D) Tendon, regular
Key-D
• Areolar tissue contains secretory cells which secret the fibers and other
components of matrix. Such cells are examples of which of the following?
A) Fibroblasts
B) Microphages
C) Mast cells
D) Fibrocytes
Key-A
• Modified polysaccharides in between cells which act as matrix are secreted
by which of the following?
A) Blood cells
B) Elastin
C) Mast cells of areolar tissue
D) All connective tissue except blood
Key-D
• Areolar tissue contains which of the following structure?
1) Semi fluid ground substance containing modified polysaccharide
2) Fibroblast cells
3) Mast cells
4) Macrophages
A) 1,2,3,4
B) 2,3,4 only
C) 1,2 only
D) 1 only
Key-A
• Which of the following is an example of loose connective tissues having
cells and fibers loosely arranged in a semifluid ground substance and
present beneath skin, often serving as support framework for epithelium?
A) Fibrous connective tissue
B) Areolar connective tissue
C) Adipose connective tissue
D) Mucoid connective tissue
Key-B
• Mark the connective tissue which is without fibers and matrix is not
secreted by its cellular component?
A) Areolar tissue
B) Adipose tissue
C) Blood
D) Cartilage
Key-C
• Which of the following is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in
the bodies of complex animal?
A) Epithelium
B) Connective
C) Muscular
D) Neural
Key-B
• Dense irregular connective tissue has which of the following structure?
A) Oriented parallel
B) Has less fiber
C) Mostly collagen
D) No fibroblasts
Key-C
• Dense irregular connective tissue with fibroblasts and many fibers (mostly
collagen) that are oriented irregularly are found in which of the following?
A) Tendon
B) Ligament
C) Dermis of skin
D) Blood
Key-C
• Which among the following are incorrect with respect to connective tissue?
A) Tendon is dense regular connective tissue
B) Bones are rich in collagen fibers
C) The intercellular material of cartilage is solid and pliable matrix that resist
compression
D) Platelets and RBCs are devoid of nucleus
Key-D
• A specialized connective tissue containing chondrocytes can be found at/in
which of the following?
A) Myocardium
B) Blood vessels
C) Tip of nose
D) Tendons
Key--C
• Which one of the following is not a connective tissue?
A) Bone
B) Cartilage
C) Blood
D) Muscles
Key-D
• Which one of the following categories does adipose tissue belong?
A) Epithelial
B) Connective
C) Muscular
D) Neural
Key-B
• The supporting framework of the loose connective tissues is called which of
the following?
A) Stroma
B) Mesentery
C) Omentum
D) Superficial layer
Key-A
• The capillaries that have a luminal diameter much greater than ordinary
capillaries are named as which of the following?
A) Fenestrated capillaries
B) Sinusoidal capillaries
C) Continuous capillaries
D) None of above
Key-B
• The inner layer of the dermis is named as which of the following?
A) Papillary layer
B) Reticular layer
C) Specialized layer
D) Melanocytes
Key-B
• The synapse between the cell body and axon of the neuron is called which
of the following?
A) Axosomatic synapse
B) Axodendritic synapse
C) Axoaxonix synapse
D) Synapse
Key-A
• The outer layer of the dermis is termed as which of the following?
A) Papillary layer
B) Reticular layer
C) Specialized layer
D) Melanocytes
Key-A
• The invagination of the epidermal epithelium that gives rise to the elastic
keratinized structure, called as which of the following?
A) Nail invagination
B) Hair
C) Skin
D) Dermis
Key-B
• Which type of capillaries has discontinuous basement membrane?
A) Sinusoids (sinusoidal capillaries) and fenestrated capillaries
B) All capillaries have discontinuous basement membrane
C) Capillaries with fenestrated endothelium
D) Sinusoids (sinusoidal capillaries)
Key-D
• Which structure is on the border between tunica media and
tunica adventitia in brachial artery?
A) Membrana fibromuscularis interna
B) Membrana fibromuscularis externa
C) Membrana elastica externa
D) Membrana elastica interna
Key-C
• Which of ths following is macrophage cells of cirrhotic organ?
A) Hepatocyte
B) Parietal
C) Kupffer
D) Chief
Key-C
• Which organ contains capillaries with fenestrated endothelium?
A) Connective tissue
B) Chorioid plexus
C) Brain
D) Lung
Key-B
• Which organ contains capillaries with continuous endothelium?
A) Small intestine
B) Skeletal muscle
C) Thyroid gland
D) Kidney
Key-B
• Diagnosed case of Buerger’s disease patient had Calcification of
the membrana elastic interna. Where takes place this interna?
A) On border between tunica media and tunica adventitia of
arteries
B) On border between tunica media and tunica adventitia of veins
C) On border between tunica intima and tunica media of arteries
D) On border between tunica intima and tunica media of veins
Key-D
• Which is common diameter of capillary?
A) 5 to 20 µm
B) 20 to 50 µm
C) 50 to 100 µm
D) 100 to 200 µm
Key-A
• Which of following statements describes endothelial cell the
most accurate?
A) Flat, polygonal, elongated in the direction of blood flow
B) Irregular, prone to overlap other endothelial cells
C) Cuboidal, regular, with radial symmetry
D) Flat, with long processes
Key-A
• Where do we find pericytes cells?
A) In the wall of capillaries
B) In the wall of all vessels
C) In the wall of arteries
D) In the wall of veins
E) Key-A
• What is main function of carotid sinus?
A) Receptor of the oxygen partial pressure of oxygen
B) Receptor of the carbon dioxide partial pressure
C) Receptor of the blood pressure
D) Receptor of the blood pH
Key-C
• How many elastic membranes are in the tunica media of
aorta?
A) Usually around 10
B) Usually around 50
C) Usually around 100
D) Usually around 500
E) Key-B
• How to describe the shape of the cardiac muscle cell?
A) Cardiac muscle cell is of cylindrical shape, but can have
branches
B) Cardiac muscle cell is a fiber with several nuclei
C) Cardiac muscle cell is irregular star-shaped
D) Cardiac muscle cell is spindle-shaped
Key-A
• It is possible that damaged myocardium of adult fully
regenerates (undergoes restitutio ad integrum)?
A) Yes, it is possible
B) Yes, it is possible, but only myocardium of ventricles has this
ability
C) Yes, it is possible, but only some people have this ability
D) No, it is not possible
Key-D
• Main cells of tunica media of majority of vessels are which of the
following?
A) Longitudinally arranged striated muscle cells
B) Longitudinally arranged smooth muscle cells
C) Circularly arranged striated muscle cells
D) Circularly arranged smooth muscle cells
Key-D
• Which is the main tissue of the cardiac skeleton?
A) There is no structure called "cardiac skeleton“
B) Dense connective tissue
C) Hyaline cartilage
D) Fibrocartilage
Key-B
• The innermost layer of the heart is called which of the following?
A) Endocardium
B) Pericardium
C) Epicardium
D) Myocardium
Key-A
• Which of the following is a example of this artery?
A) The biggest arterioles, usually without anatomical name
B) In our species, all arteries are of elastic type
C) Middle-sized arteries, e.g. radial artery
D) The biggest arteries, mainly aorta
Key-D
• Which of the following is a example of muscular artery?
A) The biggest arterioles, usually without anatomical name
B) In our species, all arteries are of muscular type
C) Middle-sized arteries, e.g. radial artery
D) The biggest arteries, mainly aorta
Key-C
• Of which cells is composed of conducting system of the heart?
A) Cells which are similar to cardiac muscle cells, but they
originated in the neural crest
B) Cells which are similar to bipolar neurons, but they are of
mesenchymal origin
C) Modified cardiac muscle cells
D) Modified smooth muscle cells
Key-C
• Do cardiac muscle cells produce some hormones?
A) Yes, for example the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)
B) Yes, for example the erythropoietin (EPO)
C) Yes, for example the trombopoietin (TPO)
D) No, they don't produce hormones
E) Key-A
• layer. Does this layer of big veins contain elastic fibers?
A) Yes, it does
B) No, it does not
C) Yes, it does, but in cava veins only
D) Yes, it does, but as an anatomical variant only
Key-A
• How big are cells of conducting system of the heart?
A) They are of roughly of the same size in all parts of the
conducting system
B) It depends on the site, the biggest cells are in the
Purken's fibers
C) It depends on the site, the biggest cells are in the
sinoatrial node
D) It depends on the site, the biggest cells are in the bundle
of His
• All but one of following vessels does not contain valves.
Which one does contain valves?
A) Great saphenous vein
B) Inferior vena cava
C) Renal artery
D) Azygos vein
Key-C
• Which of the following layer of heart is thickest?
A) Myocardium
B) Epicardium
C) Endocardium
D) Ectocardium
Key-A
• An endocardium does not have which of the following?
A) Elastin
B) Collagen
C) Muscle cells
D) Endothelial cells
Key-C
• Which layer of the heart is mainly responsible for
generating force?
A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Endocardium
D) Ectocardium
Key-B
• Which of the following structure of the heart contains the
adipose tissue, a fibrioelastic Connective tissue and
mesothelium?
A) Epicardium
B) Pericardium
C) Myocardium
D) Endocardium
Key-A
• What physical feature of large systemic arteries (resistance vessels)
makes them relatively more responsive to changes in intracellular
calcium concentrations?
A) Absent tunica intima
B) Thick tunica media
C) Thick tunica media
D) Absent tunica media
E) Absent tunica media
Key-C
• Which of the following is the rank of blood vessels in order of
their average pressure, from highest to lowest: artery, vein,
arteriole, venule, aorta, capillary?
A) Capillary > arteriole > venule > artery > vein > aorta
B) Capillary > venule > vein > artery > vein > aorta
C) Aorta > artery > arteriole > capillary > venule > vein
D) Capillary > vein > venule > arteriole > artery > aorta
Key-C
• What layer of the heart would be most immediately susceptible
to infections caused by bacteria circulating in the blood?
A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Pericardium
D) Endocardium
Key-D
• What vessels carry this type blood away from the heart?
A) Pulmonary artery only
B) Coronary arteries only
C) Neither coronary arteries or pulmonary artery
D) Both coronary arteries and pulmonary artery
Key-A
• How can the circulatory system promote heat
retention/conservation, such as on a cold day?
A) Decreasing tunica media contraction
B) Increasing capillary surface area
C) Vasodilation
D) Vasoconstriction
Key-D
• In which vessel of this circulation takes place pure arterial
blood?
A) Umbilical vein before connection with portal circulation
B) Truncus pulmonalis
C) Descendent aorta
D) Pulmonary veins
Key-A
• Majority of blood ejected to the truncus pulmonalis in fetal
circulation continues into which of the following?
A) Pulmonary circulation
B) Ductus arteriosus
C) Ascending aorta
D) Left atrium
Key-B
• Which statement is true about fetal circulation?
A) Blood which is rich on oxygen and nutrients flows though
the umbilical vein
B) In the cranial part of inferior caval vein flows mixed blood
C) Ductus arteriosus connects aorta with truncus pulmonalis
D) Ductus venosus is later stage of venous sinus
Key-B
• The blood vessels with venous blood proceeding from the
right ventricle to the lungs are which of the following?
A) Pulmonary artery
B) Aorta
C) Vena cava
D) Pulmonary Vein
Key-A
• Which innermost layer of blood vessels keeps the inner
surfaces smooth to prevent deep vein thrombosis?
A) Tunica Adventia
B) Tunica Media
C) Tunica Intima
D) Tunica Adventia and Media
Key-C
• Which of the following epithelial tissue of blood vessels keeps
the inner surfaces smooth to prevent deep vein thrombosis?
A) Mesothelium
B) Endothelium
C) Endocardium
D) Simple cuboidal
Key-B
• Ebner’s glands in the tongue associated with which of the
following structures?
A) Yes, they are associated with lingual tonsil
B) Yes, they are associated with vallate papillae
C) Yes, they are associated with fungiform papillae
D) No, they are not associated with other structures
Key-B
• Circular folds in the small intestine are based on projections of
some layer of the wall. Which one of the following structure is
that?
A) Nothing. These folds do not exist in the small intestine
B) Muscularis externa
C) Lamina propria
D) Submucosa
Key-D
• What are crypts of Lieberkühn (in the intestine) according
to their structure and function?
A) Ducts of glands in deeper layers
B) Composed glands
C) Alveolar glands
D) Tubular glands
Key-D
• How is called the nerve plexus in the submucosa of the
gastrointestinal tract?
• Solar plexus
• *Meissner's plexus
• Auerbach's plexus
• There is no plexus in the submucosa
• Histopathological report of Koch's abdomen patient
showed less amount of eosinophillic paneth cells. In which
organ do we have this cells?
• In the fundus of stomach
• In the pylorus of stomach
• *In the small intestine
• In the large intestine
• Histopatholocal report of Koch's abdomen showed
inflammation of peyer's patches. In which part of the
digestive tube do we have this patches?
• *In the ileum
• In the jejunum
• In the colon ascendens
• In the colon descendens
• Tunica muscularis of stomach has three layers. How are
oriented fibers in the innermost layer (with respect to the
longitudinal axis of stomach)?
• Muscle cells have longitudinal orientation
• Muscle cells have plexiform orientation
• Muscle cells have circular orientation
• *Muscle cells have oblique orientation
• Villi in the large intestine are finger-like projections of one
layer of the wall. Which one of the following is that?
• Lamina propria mucosae
• Tunica submucosa
• Tunica muscularis externa
• *There are no villi in the large intestine
• Histopatholical report of large intestine showed destruction of tenia coli.
Which of the following is true about this coli?
• *Outer layer of tunica muscularis externa reduced on three strips
composed of smooth muscle
• Outer layer of tunica muscularis externa reduced on three strips
composed of striated muscle
• Inner layer of tunica muscularis externa reduced on three strips composed
of smooth muscle
• Inner layer of tunica muscularis externa reduced on three strips composed
of striated muscle
• What of the following is true about Brunner’s gland?
• Branched tubular mucinous gland sitting mainly in the submucosa
of anus and rectum
• *Branched tubular mucinous gland sitting mainly in the submucosa
of duodenum
• Branched tubular mucinous gland sitting mainly in the submucosa
of jejunum
• Branched tubular mucinous gland sitting mainly in the submucosa
of ileum
• Intestinal perforation patient revealed inflammation of
lacteal. Which of the following is true about inflammed
structure?
• Blood vessel in the lamina propria of the small intestine
• Blood vessel in the lamina propria of large intestine
• *Lymphatic vessel in the lamina propria of the small
intestine
• Lymphatic vessel in the lamina propria of large intestine
• Histopathological report of gastric ulcer patient showed
inflammation of chief cells. What is the function of this
cells in main gastric glands?
• Production of singaling molecules
• *Production of digestive enzymes
• Production of hydrochloric acid
• Production of acid mucus
• Blood invetigation showed dysfunction of paneth cells of
intestine due to intestinal obstruction. What is main
function of this cells in the intestine?
• Transportation of antigenes through the epithelial barrier
• *Production of antibacterial compounds
• Production of mucus
• Digestion of lipids
• A 44 year old man was admitted to the hospital with
diagnosis of Acute gastritis. Histopathological report showed
destruction of parietal cells of stomach. What is the function
of this cells in main gastric glands?
• *Production of hydrochloric acid
• Production of digestive enzymes
• Production of neutral mucus
• They are stem cells
• A 44 year old man was admitted to the hospital with diagnosis of Acute
gastritis. Blood investigation showed normal level of intrinsic factor of
stomach. What is an intrinsic factor which is produced in the stomach?
• *Protein which protects vitamin B12 against aggresive environment in the
stomach
• Protein which protects vitamin C against aggresive environment in the
stomach
• Lipid which protects vitamin B12 against aggresive environment in the
stomach
• Lipid which protects vitamin C against aggresive environment in the stomach
• A 20 year old male visited to the Dental OPD with history
of tooth ache. Where does have an adult man their
ameloblasts?
• Ameloblasts are haphazardly distributerd in the dental
pulp
• Ameloblasts are in one layer between dentin and enamel
• Ameloblasts are in one layer between pulp and dentin
• *An adult man has no ameloblasts
• A 23 year old female presented to the hospital with histroy of bilateral
cheeck swelling, fever and dysphagia. Investigations report diagnosed
of Inflammation of salivary gland. Which big salivary gland is
completely serous?
• Apical lingual gland
• Submandibular gland
• Sublingual gland
• *Parotid gland
• A 23 year old female presented to the hospital with histroy of
bilateral cheeck swelling, fever and dysphagia. Investigations
report diagnosed of Inflammation of salivary gland. Which big
salivary gland is mainly mucinous?
• Apical lingual gland
• Submandibular gland
• *Sublingual gland
• Parotid gland
• A 43 year old male was diagnosed of liver cirrhosis.
Histopathology report showed destruction of Kupfer cells.
What is main function of this cells in liver?
• They are stem cells for hepatic epithelial tissue
• They are stem cells for hepatic connective tissue
• *They are tissue resident macrophages
• They are a storage of vitamin A
• A 40 year old male visited to the hospital with history of
heartburn, regurgitation and pain in epigastric region for 15
days. Histopathology report showed infallamation of oesophageal
gland. Which of following statemens about this glands is true?
• They are small mucinous glands in the lamina propria
• They are small serous glands in the lamina propria
• *They are small mucinous glands in the submucosa
• They are small serous glands in the submucosa
• A 60 year old female was admitted to the hospital with
diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Which of following
structures does not take place in the pancreas?
• *Striated ducts
• Intercalated ducts
• Intralobular ducts
• Interlobular ducts
• Which statement about the outermost layer of proximal (oral) part
of the oesophageus is true?
• *Proximal (oral) part of the oesophageus is not covered by serosa
• Proximal (oral) part of the oesophageus is covered by simple
squamous epithelium called mesothelium
• Proximal (oral) part of the oesophageus is covered by stratified
squamous epithelium called endothelium
• Proximal (oral) part of the oesophageus is covered by stratified
squamous epithelium called mesothelium
• A 30 year old female was admitted to the hospital with diagnosis of
pyloric obstruction. Which statemet about the lamina muscularis
mucosae of pylorus is true?
• Lamina muscularis mucosae does not exist in the pylorus
• *Lamina muscularis mucosae is composed of smooth muscle cells
• Lamina muscularis mucosae is composed of striated muscle fibers
• Lamina muscularis mucosae is composed of both smooth muscle
cells and striated muscle fibers
• Histopathological report of liver cirrhosis patient showed
abnormal function of liver acinus. Which structure takes
place in the middle of this acinus?
• Bile duct
• Central vein
• Hepatic artery
• *There is no obvious structure in the middle of the liver
acinus
• Histopathological report of liver cirrhosis patient showed
loss of space of disse. Which structures form borders of
this space?
• Two hepatocytes
• It's cells and a wall of sinusoid
• *Hepatocytes and a wall of sinusoid
• Kupfer's cells and a wall of sinusoid
• Mr. Simms is having lunch at his team's practice facility. As
he swallows food, his stomach changes size to accommodate
his meal. What motor neurons specifically mediate this
response at the smooth muscle level?
• Stimulatory neurons from the myenteric plexus
• Sympathetic neurons from thoracic autonomic ganglia
• Stimulatory neurons from the submucosal plexus
• *Inhibitory neurons from the myenteric plexus
• As part of a diagnostic test, a gastroenterologist uses an endoscope
to deliver a bolus of dilute acid into the distal esophagus. The bolus
is sufficient to cause esophageal dilatation. In a normal individual,
the bolus will be cleared from the esophagus predominantly by
which of the following?
• Primary peristalsis
• Swallowing
• Relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter
• *Secondary peristalsis
• A 50-year-old male patient comes to his primary care physician complaining of
a chronic burning sensation in his chest. The pain is worse when lying down at
night after a meal and can be alleviated to some degree by the use of over-the-
counter antacids. The pain experienced by the patient is most likely due to
dysfunction of which of the following gastrointestinal structures?
• Pylorus
• *Lower esophageal sphincter
• Upper esophageal sphincter
• Pancreas
• Which of the following pattern of smooth muscle
contraction is characteristic of the stomach and small
intestines during a period of fasting?
• Peristalsis
• Segmentation
• *Migrating motor complex
• Mass movement
• In the control of gastric motility, there are several factors that
inhibit motility and/or promote relaxation, including duodenal
hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK). What is the primary
signal for the release of CCK from intestinal cells into the blood?
• Increased gastric motility
• *Fatty acids in the duodenum
• Bile acids in the ileum
• Acid in the duodenum
• Which of the following neurotransmitters, hormones, or
paracrine substances has the greatest impact on acid
secretion by the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa?
• *Histamine
• Acetylcholine
• Gastrin
• Somatostatin
• As the rate of secretion increases in both the salivary
glands and pancreas, which of the following ions is found
to increase most?
• Chloride
• Potassium
• Sodium
• *Bicarbonate
• A 22-year-old university student, Ms. Smith, complains of pain in the
central abdomen. It gradually increased in severity and became localized
to the lower right abdomen. She developed nausea and vomiting as well.
As the pain increased in intensity, she was brought to the ER, where her
temperature was 38 degrees C. What is the probable diagnosis?
• Acute cholecystitis
• *Acute appendicitis
• Peptic ulcer
• Biliary colic
• A patient presents with recurrent fatty diarrhea,
malabsorption, weakness, and anemia for about the last six
months. Which part of the gastrointestinal system is most
important for digestion and absorption?
• Oral cavity
• Esophagus or gullet
• Stomach
• *Small Intestine
• As part of a research study, a volunteer undergoes a test known as
scintigraphy, in which the transit of a swallowed soluble radioactively
labeled tracer is tracked over time as it travels through the gut. Assuming
this volunteer has the normal gastrointestinal function, how long
following the swallow would it take the tracer to appear in the colon?
• *7 - 10 hours
• 0.5 - 1 hour
• 1 - 3 hours
• 24 - 30 hours
• Which one of the following statements concerning the histological
structures in the fundus/body region of the stomach is correct?
• Long pits and very short glands are found there.
• Parietal cells are located mainly at the base of the gastric glands,
and chief cells are found primarily in the neck region of the gastric
glands.
• *Chief cells produce pepsin.
• Gastric glands do not contain APUD cells.
• As saliva passes through the striated duct, which of the
following changes occurs?
• *Active secretion of Na+
• Active secretion of water
• Active secretion of CI¬
• Active absorption of Na+
• Which of the following statement concerning
enteroendocrine cells (EEC) is correct?
• Paneth cells are a type of EEC
• EECs in the stomach are derived from surface mucous
cells
• There is no EEC in the duodenum.
• *G cells are EECs and they produce gastrin
• Which of the following structures cannot be found in the
submandibular gland?
• Mucous acinus
• Serous acinus
• Intercalated duct
• *Centroacinar cells
• Which one of the following statements concerning the
histological structures in the fundus/body region of the
stomach is correct?
• Long pits and very short glands are found there.
• Parietal cells are located mainly at the base of the gastric
glands, and chief cells are found primarily in the neck
region of the gastric glands.
• Chief cells produce intrinsic factor.
• *Gastric glands contain APUD cells.
• A 40 year old female visited to the hospital with history
epigastric pain, nauseating tendency and heart burn.
Investigation report diagnosed of Acute gastritis. Parietal cells
possess receptors for which of the following hormones?
• Cholecystokinin
• Somatostatin
• *Gastrin
• Secretin
• Which of the following structures is not a characteristic
feature of the small intestine?
• Plicae circulars
• Microvilli
• *Rugae
• Villi
• Steatorrhea is the presence of increased fat in feces.
Which organ is least likely to be the cause of a patient’s
steatorrhea?
• *Stomach
• Pancreas
• Liver
• Small intestine
• Which of the following would most likely be found in the
esophagus of a patient suffering from gastroesophageal reflux
disease?
• *Pepsin
• Carboxypeptidase
• Trypsin
• Chymotrypsin
• A 40 year old male was admitted to the hospital with
diagnosis of Acute gastritis. Blood invetigation showed
increased level of PH in stomach. It is the consequence of
which of the following?
• Increased G cell activity
• Damage to the mucous cells
• Overexpression by chief cells
• *Inhibition of parietal cells
• Damage to which gland of the oral cavity would lead to an
increase in the concentration of triglycerides in the
esophagus?
• *Von Ebner’s
• Submandibular
• Parotid
• Sublingual
• A 55 year old male visited to the hospital with chief
complain of dyspepsia and nauseating tendency for 15
days. USG showed blockage in billiarty pathway. What
path do bile salts take?
• *Liver, gall bladder, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, liver
• Gall bladder, stomach, duodenum, juejunum, ileum,
tissues
• Gall bladder, stomach, duodenum, tissues, liver
• Liver, gall bladder, duodenum, jejunum, tissues
• A 50 year old male was admitted to the hospital with
diagnosis of liver cirrhosis. The products of the liver and
pancreas participate in what type of digestion?
• Both mechanical
• *Mechanical and chemical, respectively
• Chemical and mechanical, respectively
• Both chemical
• A patient comes in with abdominal pain. Their lab results
reveal normal levels of pancreatic enzymes, pepsinogen, and
both stomach and gall bladder motility, but an acidic small
intestine environment. Which hormone is not in balance?
• Leptin
• *Secretin
• Cholecystokinin
• Proteasease
• A hepatic lobule can be split into three zones radiating
outward from each other. Which of the following
statements about the three zones is true?
• Zone 2 is where most of gluconeogenesis takes place
• Zone 1 is the most susceptible to ischemic injury (due to
lack of oxygen)
• *Zone 1 is the most susceptible to infection
• Zone 3 is the most highly oxygenated zone
• Which of the following dermis layer of skin contains
irregular, polyhedral cells with cytoplasmic processes?
• Stratum Basale
• Stratum Lucidum
• *Stratum Spinosum
• Stratum Granulosum
• The stratum spinosum is also known as the “Prickle Cell”
layer due to an abundance of which of the following
features?
• *Cytoplasmic Processes with Desmosomes
• Sebum
• Keratohyalin granules
• Melanocytes
• A 44 year old male was admitted to the hospital with
diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. What are the
function of Langerhans cells?
• Antibody secretion
• Keratin-hyaline granule storage
• Sebum secretion
• *Antigen-presenting cells
• Which of the following muscle is responsible for creating
“goosebumps” on the skin ?
• Elastic Fibers
• *Arrector Pili Muscle
• Reticular Fibers
• Follicular Vein
• A 60 year old male was admitted to the hospital with
diagnosis of albinism. Investigation showed lack of
pigmentation. Which of the following is responsible for
this in skin?
• Absence of Langerhans cells
• *Inability to synthesize the enzyme tyrosinase
• Absence of Melanocytes
• Presence of the stratum lucidum
• Which of the following structure contains blood vessels
and are the site of sensory neurons (meissener’s
corpuscles)?
• Stratum Spinosum
• Rete Ridges
• Epidermal Ridges
• *Dermal Papillae
• Which of the following secretion drains directly into the
duct with no loss of cytoplasm or cell?
• *Merocine Secretion
• Holocrine Secretion
• Apocrine Secretion
• Sweat gland
• A 20 year female was visited to the hospital with history of itching
sensation for 3 days. Patient was diagnosed eczema in which the
dermis layer was inflamed. which of the following structure are
passing through this layer of the skin?
• Hair follicle
• *Duct of an eccrine sweat gland
• Duct of a sebaceous gland
• Dermal blood vessel
• A 50 year old male visited to the hospital with history of severe pain in right
side of thigh for one month. After seeing all the reports, the patient was
diagnosed with multiple neoplasia syndrome with destruction of melanocyte
cells. These cells are typically found in which layer of the epidermis?
• Stratum Granulosum
• Stratum Spinosum
• Stratum Lucidum
• Stratum Corneum
• *Stratum Basale
• There are three major types of glands found within the
dermis of the skin. Which of the following do not drain
their secretory product into the hair follicle?
• *Eccrine Sweat Glands
• Apocrine Sweat Glands
• Sebaceous Glands
• Mammary Gland
• Which of the following epidermis layer of skin contains
anucleated squamous cells and cytoplasm filled with
keratin filament?
• Stratum Granulosum
• *Stratum Corneum
• Stratum Spinosum
• Stratum Basale
• The epidermal cells that produce keratin are named as
which of the following?
• chondrocytes
• *keratinocytes
• melanocytes
• Langerhans cells
• The invagination of the epidermal epithelium that gives
rise to the elastic keratinized structure, called as which of
the following?
• Nail invagination
• *Hair
• Skin
• Dermis
• A 30 year old female was admitted to the hospital with
diagnosis of psoriasis. Skin biopsy revealed inflammation
of dermis layer of skin.The outer layer of the dermis is
termed as which of the following?
• *Papillary layer
• Reticular layer
• Specialized layer
• Melanocytes
• The synapse between the cell body and axon of the neuron
is called which of the following?
• *Axosomatic synapse
• Axodendritic synapse
• Axoaxonix synapse
• Synapse
• A 30 year old female was admitted to the hospital with
diagnosis of psoriasis. Skin biopsy revealed inflammation of
dermis layer of skin. The inner layer of the demis is named
as which of the following?
• Papillary layer
• *Reticular layer
• Specialized layer
• Melanocytes
• The capillaries that have a luminal diameter much greater
than ordinary capillaries are named as which of the
following?
• Fenestrated capillaries
• *Sinusoidal capillaries
• Continuous capillaries
• None of above
• The supporting framework of the loose connective tissues
is called which of the following?
• *Stroma
• Mesentery
• Omentum
• Superficial layer
• A 50 year old female visited to the hospital with histroy of
lipidema. it is adipose tissue disease. Which one of the
following categories does belong to this tissue?
• Epithelial
• *Connective
• Muscular
• Neural
Thank You