CHAPTER 5:

TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT

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 Chapter V: Transport Management

4. 1 Concept of transportation
Transportation is an econom
ic activity with the purpose o
f changing the position of pe
ople and goods from one
place to another.

The production environment

of transportation is space.
The product of transportatio
n is intangible.
The production process chan 2
ges the position, increasing
the value of goods.
 Chapter V: Transport Management

Roles

- Meeting the increasing transportation needs of goods and people in society.

- Shortening the geographical distance of goods and people in society.

- Expanding trade relations.

- Increasing national products and national income.

- Enhancing national defense capabilities and national protection.

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 Chapter V: Transport Management
2. Transportation in export-import business operations

1. Definition

-In export-import business operations, transportation is an

important component in the execution of sales contracts. It is a
crucial step in fulfilling the delivery obligations (INCOTERMS),
aimed at transferring the ownership of the contract subject from
the exporter to the importer.

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 Chapter V: Transport Management

4.2.2 The role of transportation in export-import business

Ensuring the transportation of an increasing volume of export-

import goods in international trade.

Altering the structure of goods and market structures in

international trade.

Playing a positive or negative role in the international balance

of
payments.

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 Chapter V: Transport Management
Advantages and disadvantages of transportation methods
Waterway transportation
Advantages Disadvantages
- High transport capacity - Highly dependent on natural
- Suitable for all types of goods, especially conditions and maritime conditions,
low-value goods with common risks such as rain,
- Low construction costs for routes, mostly storms, grounding, hitting reefs, and
natural routes, so they do not require piracy.
much material, labor for construction, and - Low transport speed
maintenance (except for man - made - Poor regularity and flexibility
canals like the Suez and Panama Canals). - Complicated procedures
- Low transport cost - Slow delivery time due to high
- Large average transport distance carrying capacity
- Low fuel consumption per ton of load - Expensive investment in
- construction and technical
infrastructure 6
 Chapter V: Transport Management
Road transportation
Advantages Disadvantages
- High flexibility and mobility, with compact - High transportation costs
cars capable of operating anywhere from urban - Small payload, transporting
to rural areas, from lowlands to highlands. small volume goods leading to
- Not dependent on roads and terminals. high costs.
- Less complex technical procedures compared - Short distance transportation.
to other means of transport. - Low time utilization rate, ofte
- Simple procedures. n running empty.
- Fast delivery time. - Limited types of goods
- Relatively high transport speed. transported.
- Less expensive investment in infrastructure - Highly dependent on natural
and vehicles. conditions.
- High reliability.

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Chapter V: Transport Management
Traffic and transportation systems
Chapter V: Transport Management
Air transportation

Advantages Disadvantages
- The route in air transportation is - High transport costs.
the airspace, and it is almost straight, - Limitations in transporting
not dependent on terrain, no need for bulky, low value, and large
investment in construction. volume goods.
- High transport speed, short - Expensive investment in
transport time. technical infrastructure.
- Safe transportation. - Poor flexibility.
- Provision of high-quality services.

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0
Chapter V: Transport Management
Rail transportation

Advantages Disadvantages
- High transport capacity - High infrastructure
- Relatively high transport speed, suitable for investment costs.
transporting perishable and seasonal goods - Limited international and
- Relatively low transportation costs in rail transport intercontinental
- Rail transport can operate around the clock, transportation due to lack
offering stable flexibility of standardized rail gauge.
- Less dependent on weather and climate, allowing - Poor regularity.
continuous, punctual, and safe transportation - Affected by natural
compared to other methods. This is a standout disasters, wars, and
advantage of rail transport in goods transportation, adversities.
helping shippers deliver on time, ensure quality, and
avoid future complaints and litigation 1
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Chapter V: Transport Management
Chapter V: Transport Management

Type E: Open wagons

Type F: Open hopper wagons
Type G: Covered wagons
Type H: Covered, spacious sliding wall wagons
Type K: Flat wagons with double wheel sets
Type R: Bogie flat wagons with four wheel sets
Type S: Bogie flat wagons for coil transports
Type S: Bogie flat wagons for metal plates
Type S: Bogie flat wagons for stakes
Type S: Bogie flat wagons with six wheel sets
Type T: Covered hopper wagons
Type T: Wagons with openable roof
Type U: Low-floored wagons with/without special equipment
Autoracks
Wagons for combined transport
Tank wagons for fuel, chemicals, or other types of liquid
Chapter V: Transport Management
Pipeline transportation

Advantages Disadvantages
- Regularity and stability. - Slow speed.
- Reliability and safety. - Lack of flexibility, selective
- Relatively low cost due to with transported goods.
minimal investment and - Limitations due to river
construction expenses. obstructions or market
restrictions in countries with
pipeline routes.

17
 Chapter V: Transport Management
Factors for assessing transportation capacity:
 Large volume transport capacity: The ability of a transport vehicle to
carry large volumes at low costs.
 Speed: Transport time, transport speed, and the ability of the transport
vehicle to move goods quickly.
 Network formation capability: The ability to perform comprehensive
transportation across spatial dimensions.
 Predictability: Measuring the reliability (timeliness) of transport time for
transport vehicles.
 Flexible scheduling: Frequency of transport services, adaptability to
schedules and changing demands.
 Spatial flexibility: Ability to relocate/integrate transport vehicles and
transport capacity spatially.
 Safety: Measuring the frequency of accidents of transport vehicles and the
extent of damage.
 Environmental impact: Particularly energy usage, pollutant emissions, and
noise.
Chapter V: Transport Management
Freight Forwarding and Transportation Service Providers

1. Distinguishing Forwarder
and Carrier
2. Distinguishing Forwarder
and NVOCC
3. Job Positions in
Forwarding
FORWARDER
And
CARRIER
 CARRIER FORWARDE
R
Owning or operating Non-
transport vehicles: ownership of
 Airline (has airplanes)
transport vehicl
 Shipping line (has ships)
 Truck owner (has trucks) es
CARRIER FORWARDE
Brokerage ofR
Selling freight rates freight rates

Other services:
 Customs declaration
 Documentation
 Consolidation and deconsolidation
 Other services
 FORWARDER and
NVOCC

NVOCC = Non-vessel Operating Common Carrier

 NVOCC FORWARDE
R
• Non- • Non-
ownership of ownership of
transport vehicles transport vehicles
• Issuing House Bil • Issuing House Bill
l of Lading (HBL)
of Lading (HBL)
 NVOCC FORWARDE
•
R
• Sea transportation Multimodal transportation
• Owning/renting • No containers
• Multiple other services
containers
• Only selling freight
and space
Các vị trí công việc trong

FORWARDER
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9XkIkmYhnY

Docs
Staff
-
NHÂN
VIÊN
CHỨNG
TỪ
 Docs
Staff
-
NHÂN
VIÊN Gởi chi tiết BL cho hãng tàu

CHỨNG  Kiểm tra BL

TỪ  gởi kế toán
 Docs
Staff
-
NHÂN
VIÊN
CHỨNG
TỪ
 Sales
Staff
-
NHÂN
VIÊN
KINH
DOANH
 Sales
Staff
-
NHÂN
VIÊN
KINH
DOANH
 Sales
Staff
-
NHÂN
VIÊN
KINH
DOANH
 Sales YÊU CẦU: Soạn báo giá đường biển
Staff - Forwarder: ABC Logistics Co., LTD
- - KH Việt Nhật Co., LTD yêu cầu chào
NHÂN giá hàng FCL,LCL.
VIÊN - Từ cảng HoChiMinh đi cảng Tokyo
KINH - LCL: USD 5.00/ CBM
DOANH FCL: USD 220/ 20’ ; USD 400/40’ DC
Các loại sales logistics: 3 loại

• Hàng chỉ định (nominated)

• Hàng thường (free hand)

• Sales agent
•Hàng chỉ định (nominated)
Là hàng mà người mua thuê tàu và
trả tiền cước (mua bán nhóm E & F,
đặc biệt là FOB). Vd: hàng may
mặc, shipper chuyên xuất FOB.

Sales forwarder :
+ KHÔNG chào cước
(freight)
+ Chào dịch vụ
•Hàng thường (free hand)
Là loại hàng mà Shipper tự book
tàu và trả cước, mua bán theo
nhóm C & D.

Sales forwarder :
+ chào cước (freight)
+ chào dịch vụ
•Sales agent
- Level cao nhất của sales forwarder.
- Sales forwarder
+ Chào cước
+ Chào dịch vụ
+ sales để làm đại lý cho các lines
tàu nước ngoài.
Những nguyên tắc bắt buộc của
sales logistics

Xác định thế mạnh của công ty:

1. Hàng nhập hay hàng xuất
2. Tuyến đường, giá, lines
3. Cước, trucking,chỉ làm dịch vụ hải
quan
Tìm kiếm khách hàng mới ở đâu?
Tìm kiếm khách hàng mới ở đâu?
•Sử dụng B2B websites
Vd: Alibaba.com, Kompass.com, Tradekey.com,
ec21.com, indiamart.com…
Alibaba.com - Supplier và Coffee - Location
chọn tích ở Vietnam.
thu thập đủ contact với
Phone/Fax/Mobile/website và người phụ trách
nhé (PIC)
•Các website danh bạ công ty
(directory)
+ trangvangvietnam.com
+ hosocongty.vn, …
Vd: tra cứu danh sách các công ty
xuất nhập khẩu chung tại TP. Hồ Chí
Minh tại website
trangvangvietnam.com - lọc ra các
công ty XNK  lấy contact chi tiết,
email chào dịch vụ, gọi điện chào
dịch vụ và xin gặp.
•Sử dụng công cụ tìm kiếm google
+ List công ty xuất nhập khẩu (note chọn
filetype: .doc, .xls hay .pdf)
+ Các hiệp hội xuất nhập khẩu hàng hóa.
+ Các diễn đàn, forum về xuất nhập khẩu
cũng có nhiều Shipper/Consignee tham gia
+ Nếu muốn đánh vào 1 thị trường cụ thể,
thì nên chọn và hiểu rõ thị trường đó xuất
nhập khẩu hàng gì nhiều. Ví dụ bạn mạnh
tuyến Ấn Độ, thì hãy chào các công ty Việt
Nam xuất đi Ấn Độ. Vậy xuất đi Ấn Độ những
mặt hàng :
+ Quế (Cassia)
+ Hồi (Star Anisseed)
+ Hương (incense stick)
+ Gỗ,…
•Mạng xã hội (Social Network)
Tham gia vào các group như: Nghề Xuất Nhập Khẩu-
Logistics, Giải đáp thủ tục hải quan, Thủ tục hải quan-
xuất nhập khẩu,…. Các bạn có thể post chào dịch vụ, PR
công ty, ngược lại có nhiều doanh nghiệp sẽ đăng thông
tin cần thuê dịch vụ forwarder, cần báo giá các tuyến,…

•Hội chợ, triển lãm hàng Việt Nam

Khi có các hội chợ, triển lãm trong nước và quốc tế tổ
chức tại Việt Nam thì sales logistics không nên bỏ qua
cơ hội này.
•Các cơ quan
Bạn có thể biết được danh sách các công ty
xuất nhập khẩu từ quá trình đăng kí tại các cơ
quan như:
+ Cục Kiểm dịch thực vật, động vật
+ Công ty hun trùng
+ Bộ Công Thương và VCCI (cấp C/O)
+ Cơ quan hải quan
•Nguồn đặc biệt
Bạn sẽ kiếm được những khách hàng cực kì
thân thiết, lâu dài dựa vào sự giới thiệu từ các
đối tác, khách hàng cũ hay bạn bè. Cũng không
quá sai khi nói rằng, một phần nhiều các hợp
đồng hay đối tác kiếm được là trên bàn nhậu,
hay qua những cuộc giao lưu.