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Module 6
Domain-Driven Design (DDD)

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Domain-Driven Design(DDD)

Domain-Driven Design (DDD) is an approach to software development that focuses on

understanding and modeling the problem domain within which a software system
operates

understanding of the domain’s intricacies and complexities

DDD provides a set of principles, patterns, and practices to help developers effectively
capture and express domain concepts in their software designs.

Domain? -> in a banking application, the domain includes concepts like accounts,
transactions, customers, and regulations related to banking operations.

Importance of Domain Knowledge->what if the system does not solve business needs?

“It is not the customer’s job to know what they want” – Steve Jobs

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Strategic Design in Domain-Driven Design (DDD)

Strategic Design in Domain-Driven Design (DDD) focuses on defining the overall architecture and
structure of a software system in a way that aligns with the problem domain

Benefits of Domain-Driven Design(DDD):

1. Shared Understanding
2. Focus on Core Domain
3. Resilience to Change
4. Clear Separation of Concerns
5. Improved Testability
6. Support for Complex Business Rules

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Use-Cases of Domain-Driven Design (DDD)

Lets say, we are developing a ride-hailing application called
Finance and Banking “RideX.” The system allows users to request rides, drivers to
E-commerce and Retail accept ride requests, and facilitates the coordination of rides
between users and drivers
Healthcare and Life Sciences
Ubiquitous Language
1. User
Ubiquitous Language for each domain? 2. Driver
3. Ride Request
4. Ride
5. Ride Status
6. Ride Management Context
7. User Management Context
8. Driver Management Context

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Web Design

• Designing for specific Web Design is a field related to designing websites on

domains such as web the Internet
applications and A good website design helps to create an engaging
embedded systems online presence that captivates the audience
involves unique principles
tailored to their respective Static Website Dynamic Website
environments and user
needs
Frontend Design: Flat Design Neuromorphic design

Backend Design

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Web Application Design Principles

User-Centric Design: Understanding the needs, goals, and behaviors of users is crucial. Conduct user
research to create personas and scenarios that guide the design process

Simplicity and Clarity: Keep the interface simple to reduce cognitive load. Use clear navigation,
consistent layout, and familiar design patterns to enhance usability

Responsiveness: Ensure the application is adaptable to various devices and screen sizes by using
responsive design techniques like fluid grids and flexible images

Performance Optimization: Minimize loading times and resource consumption through techniques like
caching, compression, and lazy loading

Security: Implement robust security measures such as HTTPS, encryption, and authentication to protect
user data

Iterative Improvement: Continuously test and refine the application based on user feedback and
performance data
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Embedded System
Typical Components:
• Processor: microprocessor or a microcontroller.
• Memory: Embedded systems often use both volatile
(RAM) and non-volatile (ROM, flash) memory
• Input/Output Units: Facilitate interaction with
external devices through sensors, actuators, and
Embedded systems are specialized communication interfaces like USB or Ethernet
computing systems that are designed to • Sensors and Actuators: Sensors convert physical
perform dedicated functions within larger phenomena into electrical signals, while actuators
mechanical or electrical systems
perform actions based on processed data
Characteristics:
• Task-Specific
• Real-Time Operation
• Integration
• Resource Constraints

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Embedded System Design Principles

Platform Selection: Choose the appropriate hardware components that meet the functional and non-
functional requirements of the system

Modular Design: Divide the system into independent modules for easier development, testing, and
maintenance.

Resource Optimization: Efficiently manage memory, power, and processing resources to improve
performance and extend battery life

Security and Safety: Ensure the system is secure from unauthorized access and safe for users through
rigorous testing and validation

Thorough Testing: Conduct extensive testing at various stages (unit, integration, system) to ensure
reliability and functionality before deployment

Power Management

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User Interface Attractive

Design
Types of User Interface
Simple to use
Command Line Interface: The Command
Line Interface provides a command prompt,
where the user types the command and
feeds it to the system. The user needs to
remember the syntax of the command and Low Responsive time
its use.

Graphical User Interface: Graphical User

Interface provides a simple interactive Clear to understand
interface to interact with the system. GUI
can be a combination of both hardware and
software. Using GUI, the user interprets the
software.
Consistent on all interface screens

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Key Principles for Designing User Interfaces

2. User-centered design: User interface design should be 2. Feedback: Feedback is significant in user
focused on the needs and preferences of the user. This interface design, as it helps users to understand the
involves understanding the user’s goals, tasks, and context results of their actions and confirms that they are
of use, and designing interfaces that meet their needs and making progress towards their goals. Feedback can
expectations. take the form of visual cues, messages, or sounds.

3. Consistency: Consistency is important in user interface 3. Accessibility: User interfaces should be designed
design, as it helps users to understand and learn how to use to be accessible to all users, regardless of their
an application. Consistent design elements such as icons, abilities. This involves considering factors such as
color schemes, and navigation menus should be used color contrast, font size, and assistive technologies
throughout the application. such as screen readers.

4. Simplicity: User interfaces should be designed to be 4. Flexibility: User interfaces should be designed to
simple and easy to use, with clear and concise language be flexible and customizable, allowing users to
and intuitive navigation. Users should be able to tailor the interface to their own preferences and
accomplish their tasks without being overwhelmed by needs.
unnecessary complexity.
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Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE)

CASE tools help in software development and maintenance.

CASE is a much talked about topic in software industries.
CASE tool is a generic term:
denotes any form of automated support for software engineering.
In a more restrictive sense:
a CASE tool automates some software development activity.

Objectives of CASE

• To increase productivity
• To help produce better quality software at lower cost.

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Frameworks

Frontend
Frameworks Frameworks: Backend Mobile Full-stack
streamline the Frameworks: Development Frameworks:
development process Frameworks:
React: A JavaScript library Django: A Python-based
by providing pre- for building dynamic user framework for rapid
built components, interfaces, ideal for single- development with built-in Flutter: Google's UI toolkit Meteor.js: A JavaScript
libraries, and page applications. tools like ORM and for creating natively platform for real-time web
Angular: A full-fledged authentication. compiled apps across and mobile apps.
structures for platforms using a single
framework for scalable Express.js: A minimalist Ruby on Rails: Known for
building applications. web applications with two- codebase. its simplicity and speed in
Node.js framework for
Key examples way data binding and building APIs and web React Native: Allows developing RESTful web
include: dependency injection. applications. developers to build cross- applications.
Vue.js: Known for its platform mobile apps using
Laravel: A PHP framework
simplicity and flexibility, React and JavaScript.
with elegant syntax, ideal
suitable for both small and for complex web
large projects. applications.

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• These tools focus on creating user interfaces (UI) and improving user
experience (UX):
• Figma: A collaborative design tool with real-time editing and
prototyping capabilities.
• Adobe XD: Integrates with Creative Cloud, offering advanced
prototyping features like auto-animation.
• Sketch: Popular among designers for its plugin ecosystem and design
libraries.

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