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    2 views13 pages

    Nitesh ppt

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    drnaveenravindra.97

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 13

    Assessment Methods For Nutritional Status

    Dr. Sindhu Almas


    Lecturer Community Medicine
    Department, LUMHS Jamshoro.
    Learning Objectives

    By the end of this lecture the you should be able


    To know the different methods for assessing the nutritional
    status To understand the basic anthropometric techniques,
    applications, & reference standards
    Definition of nutritional status

    Nutritional status is the current body status, of a person or a


    population group, related to their state of nourishment (the
    consumption and utilization of nutrients).
    The nutritional status is determined by a complex interaction
    between internal/constitutional factors and
    environmental factors:

    • Internal or constitutional factors like: age, sex, nutrition,


    behavior, physical activity and diseases.
    • External environmental factors like: food safety, cultural, social
    and economic circumstances.
    Purpose of nutritional assessment

    • Identify individuals or population groups at risk of becoming


    malnourished.
    • Identify individuals or population groups who are malnourished.
    • To develop health care programs that meet the community needs
    which are defined by the assessment.
    • To measure the effectiveness of the nutritional programs &
    interventions once initiated.
    Methods of Nutritional Assessment

    • Nutrition is assessed by two methods; direct and indirect.


    • The direct methods deal with the individual and measure objective
    criteria, while indirect methods use community indices that reflect the
    community nutritional status/needs.
    Indirect Methods

    ►Indirect Methods of Nutritional Assessment These include three


    categories:
    ► Ecological variables including crop production Economic factors
    e.g. per capita income,
    ► population density & social habits
    ►Vital health statistics particularly infant & under 5 mortality &
    fertility index
    Direct Methods of
    Nutritional Assessment

    • These are summarized as ABCD


    • Anthropometric methods
    • Clinical methods
    • Dietary evaluation methods
    • Biochemical, laboratory methods
    Anthropometric Methods

    ■ Anthropometry is the measurement of body height, weight &


    proportions. It is an essential component of clinical examination of
    infants, children & pregnant women. It is used to evaluate both
    under & over nutrition. The measured values reflects the current
    nutritional status & don't differentiate between acute & chronic
    changes.
    Other Anthropometric Measurements

    ► Mid-upper arm circumference


    ► Skin fold thickness
    ► Head circumference
    ► Head/chest ratio
    ► Hip/waist ratio
    Biochemical Method

    Initial Laboratory Assessment Hemoglobin estimation is the most


    important test, & useful index of the overall state of nutrition. Beside
    anemia it also tells about protein &
    trace element nutrition. Stool examination for the presence of ova
    and/or intestinal parasites Urine dipstick & microscopy for albumin,
    sugar and blood
    Clinical Assessment Method
    ► It is an essential features of all nutritional surveys It is the simplest & most
    practical method of ascertaining the nutritional status of a group of individuals It
    utilizes a number of physical signs, (specific & non specific), that are known to
    be associated with malnutrition and deficiency of vitamins & micronutrients.
    ► Good nutritional history should be obtained General clinical examination, with
    special attention to organs like hair, angles of the mouth, gums, nails, skin, eyes,
    tongue, muscles, bones, & thyroid gland
    ► Detection of relevant signs helps in establishing the nutritional diagnosis
    Dietary Assessment Method

    ► Nutritional intake of humans is assessed by five different methods.


    These are:
    ► 24 hours dietary recall
    ► Food frequency questionnaire Dietary history since early life
    ► Food dairy technique
    ► Observed food consumption
    Thank You

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