LIS 108 PPT 1

LIS 108: MANAGEMENT OF
LIBRARIES AND
INFORMATION CENTERS
Introduction to Management
Definition of Terms
History of Management
Theories of management
-DCL
Introduction to Management
Management
• defined as the process of coordinating the total resources of an
organization toward the accomplishment of the desired goals of that
organization through the execution of a group of interrelated functions
such as planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.
(ALA glossary of library and information science).
• Limited to the process of coordinating certain functions and activities of
an organization toward the accomplishment of its goals.
• According to Peter Drucker (Father of Modern management)
Institutions are to function responsibility and autonomously, then
management and managers must perform.
Administration
 is considered to be the broader term, emphasizing the
planning function, involving goal setting and major
policy formulation.
 Administrators establish fundamental patterns of
operation and goals for an organization, while
managers primarily carry out the directions of the
administrators.
History of Management
 Basic management techniques have been traced in 3000 BC where Sumerian
priest were the first to keep records as a means of recording business
transactions.
 Around 400 BC, Socrates defined management as a skill separated from
technical knowledge and experience. Plato also recognized management as a
separate art and promoted principles of specialization. Young men should be
trained so that they would develop the appropriate personalities and skills
necessary to serve as leaders.
 A roman emperor in AD 284, initiated organizational hierarchies when he
reorganized his empire into 101 provinces and grouped them into 13 dioceses.
This marks the beginning of delegation of authority and chain of command.
 The early Roman Catholic church used several management practices such as
scalar territorial organization, hierarchical chain of command and delegation of
responsibilities clearly laid out of its pope, clergy, and people. Specialization,
job description, staff independence and compulsory staff service are also
Theories of
management
6 modern management theories
(Industrial Revolution)
1. Scientific Theory (Frederick
Winslow Taylor)
 He was one of the proponents of management theory. A
mechanical engineer, he authored The Principles of Scientific
management in 1909.
His theory proposed the simplification of jobs. By keeping

things simple productivity would improve. He also believes
that managers and employees must work together.
Taylor’s Principles of management:
1. Use
scientific methods to determine the most efficient
way to complete a task.
2. Monitor employees to determine performance. This
involves offering guidance to those that aren’t as
efficient as needed.
3. Assign employees to work that suits their skills and
motivation levels. Then coach them to reach maximum
efficiency.
4. Managersmust focus on planning and professional
improvement. Employees must focus on the task given
to them.
Henry L. Gantt- colleague of Taylor’s at Bethlehem Steel
Works
 Introduced the Wage Incentive program, bonuses for workers who
completed their jobs or tasks in less time the allowed standard.
Also, Bonus plan for supervisors.
 He develops planning and control techniques using a simple graphic
bar chart, the Gantt Chart, a visualization that helps scheduling,
managing, and monitoring specific tasks and resources in a project.
*Focused on employees as individuals and their

tasks.
2. Administrative Management Theory (Henri Fayol)
 Started his career at a French Mining company at

the age of 19. He became the company’s
director, managing over 1,000 people.
 He believes that all employees should only have
one direct manager. According to Fayol, the
basic functions of any manager incorporated:
planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating
and controlling.
Industrial projects could be separated in 6 sections:
1. Technical- which involved the production.
2. Commercial- which included buying, selling and exchange.
3. Financial- which increased the search for and optimum use of
capital.
4. Security-which provided protection on property and persons.
5. Accounting-which included statistical analysis.
6. Managerial-which encompassed planning, organization,
command, coordination, and control.
*Dealt with total management administration.

3. Bureaucratic Management theory (Max Weber-Father of
bureaucratic management)
-He believed that all managers must build chains of command. He also
argued for standardization. Which is similar to Taylors theory.
 Detailed record keeping at all levels of an organization.
 Employees must have a clear job role so they maintain their focus.
 All organizations should have a clear hierarchy.
 The standardization of common procedure.
* Organizations must only hire employees who are fit for the
job description. People working in each office were chosen for
their position based on their qualifications. Promotions were
designed to reward seniority, achievement of both. Promotions
were not affected by political maneuvering.
4. Human Relations Management Theory
(Professor Elton Mayo)
 Hawthorne effect discovered that the relationships
between supervisors, subordinates and peers had a
stronger effect on productivity that either economic
benefits or the organization’s physical environment.
* Relationship works as the key motivator for

employees. When working as part of a team,
people become more productive. (Teamwork)
5. General Systems Theory
( Karl Ludwig von Bertalanffy)
 A biologist, wasn’t a management theorist. Most

organizations contain several departments. Each of
these departments has people, all whom have their
own jobs. If one person failing to do their job
properly can have widespread ramifications.
 Each element in a system reacts to its environment.
Outside influences can affect how system operates.
This relates to the toxicity in the workplace. It also
emphasizes the on how personal issues can affect
an employee’s motivational levels.
6. X and Y Management Theory
(Douglas McGregor)
 Related ideas in Hawthorne studies. He stressed the importance of understanding
the relationship between motivation and human nature.
-Theory X (negative theory): relates to authoritarianism. Such as managers take
a negative view of their employers. They assume their people have no motivation
and won’t work well unless pushed. Leader taking too much control. Theory X
believes they must drag employees along to get results.
-Theory Y(Positive theory): Built directly on mayo’s study studies. Managers
believed that people are capable of being responsible and mature. Such managers
take much more positive approach to their people. They believe that teamwork
leads to better results. Furthermore, managers encourage professional
development and give employees more responsibilities. They want to see initiative,
which builds positive culture.
*When jobs become enjoyable, employees actively seek responsibility

and commit themselves to the achievement of organizational goals.
ACTIVITY 1:
1. With the above management theories. What management

practices would you like to recommend in the current setup of
Osias Colleges, Inc., Administration? Explain. (25 points).
*Kindly PM me you answers.

Deadline will be on February 13, 2021 @12AM
__END of Topic1__

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LIS 108: MANAGEMENT OF

His theory proposed the simplification of jobs. By keeping

*Focused on employees as individuals and their

 Started his career at a French Mining company at

*Dealt with total management administration.

* Relationship works as the key motivator for

 A biologist, wasn’t a management theorist. Most

*When jobs become enjoyable, employees actively seek responsibility

1. With the above management theories. What management

*Kindly PM me you answers.

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