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12 views

73 pptx

Uploaded by

mrt20073
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 18

• Introduction

• Content:
• Advanced treatment for textile wastewater to enable water reuse.
• Technologies used: Sand filtration, Microfiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF),
Nanofiltration (NF), Reverse Osmosis (RO).
• Focus: Reducing pollutants like COD, BOD, suspended solids, and dyes.
• Objective
• Content:
• Implement advanced treatment systems for textile wastewater reuse.
• Focus on combining membrane processes with sand filtration.
• Address challenges: Pollutant removal, economic viability, and scalability.
• Textile Wastewater Issues
• Content:
• High water usage in textile processes: 0.2–0.5 m³ per kg of product.
• Types of wastewater:
• Cooling water: Low pollutants.
• Process water: High pollutant concentration (e.g., dyes, salts).
• Washing water: High flow, moderate pollutants.
• Environmental concerns: COD, dyes, and heavy metals.
• Textile Wastewater Characteristics
• Content:
• High variability in pollutant content depending on process.
• Types:
• Cooling waters: Medium-high temperature, low pollutants.
• Process waters: High pollutant content from dyeing/bleaching.
• Washing waters: High flow, moderate pollutants.
• Major pollutants: COD, dyes, suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorus.
• Membrane Technologies Overview
• Content:
• Pressure-driven processes: MF, UF, NF, RO.
• Applications:
• MF/UF: Removal of suspended solids and colloids.
• NF/RO: Salt and color removal.
• Key factors: Membrane type, operating conditions, and pretreatment.
•Processes:
•Microfiltration (MF): Removes solids.
•Ultrafiltration (UF): Removes larger organic molecules.
•Nanofiltration (NF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO): Salt and dye removal.
•Benefits:
•High removal efficiency.
•Enables water reuse in textile operations.
• Case Study 1 - UF + RO
• Content:
• Setup:
• Sand filtration.
• UF with flat membranes (47m²).
• RO with low-energy membranes.
• Results:
• RO permeate had excellent quality for dyeing.
• 95% COD removal, >95% color removal.
• Case Study 2 - MF + NF
• Content:
• Setup:
• Sand filtration.
• MF with spiral-wound membranes (11m²).
• NF for salt and color removal.
• Results:
• 94% color removal, complete COD removal.
• NF permeate suitable for industrial reuse.
• Hydraulic Performance
• Content:
• UF (flat membranes) vs. MF (spiral-wound):
• UF: Low operating pressure, constant permeate flow.
• MF: Decline in permeate flow over time.
• Cleaning cycles:
• UF: Backwashing every 20 minutes.
• MF/NF: Chemical cleaning every 100 hours.
• Membrane Cleaning Techniques
• Content:
• UF Backwashing: Uses permeate, low pressure.
• MF/NF Cleaning:
• Acid washing for scaling removal.
• Alkaline washing for organic fouling.
• Periodic hot detergent cleaning.
• Water Quality Improvements
• Content:
• Key parameters improved:
• COD: Reduced by >90%.
• Turbidity: >99% removal.
• Chlorides and hardness significantly reduced.
• Final permeate quality suitable for dyeing and textile processes.
• Dyeing Tests
• Content:
• Case Study 1: RO permeate used for industrial-scale dyeing.
• Case Study 2: NF permeate tested in laboratory-scale dyeing.
• Results:
• High-quality dyeing achieved with recycled water.
• Color differences within acceptable limits.
• Economic Considerations
• Content:
• RO and NF costs depend on membrane lifespan and cleaning frequency.
• UF with vacuum operation reduces energy costs.
• Water reuse saves costs in regions with high water scarcity.
• Advantages of Membrane Technologies
• Content:
• High efficiency in pollutant removal.
• Enables water reuse in industrial processes.
• Modular design for scalability.
• Sustainable option for water-scarce regions.
• Challenges and Solutions
• Content:
• Challenges:
• Fouling and scaling of membranes.
• High initial investment.
• Solutions:
• Effective pretreatment (sand filtration, coagulation).
• Advanced cleaning protocols.
• Future Research Directions
• Content:
• Develop membranes resistant to fouling and scaling.
• Integrate renewable energy sources for operation.
• Optimize cleaning methods to extend membrane lifespan.
• Conclusion
• Content:
• Membrane technologies enable efficient textile wastewater treatment.
• UF + RO and MF + NF setups provide high-quality water for reuse.
• Economic and environmental benefits for sustainable industry.

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