Disaster cycle

Presented by ~ Violina Deka
4th Semester B.sc Nursing

Roll number - 72
Disaster management cycle
• Disaster continuum :-
• The life cycle of a disaster is generally referred to as the disaster

continuum, or emergency management cycle. This life cycle is
characterized by three major phases, preimpact(before) , impact
(during) , and postimpact(after), and provide the foundation for the
disaster timeline.
Phases of Disaster Cycle
 The disaster life cycle includes 4 phase:
 Disaster Mitigation
 Disaster Preparedness
 Disaster Response
 Recovery Phase
1. Disaster Mitigation
• Disaster Mitigation refers to actions or measures that can
either prevent the occurrence of disaster or reduce the severity
of its effect.
• It is possible to reduce the impact of disaster by adopting

suitable disaster mitigation strategies.
• Mitigation activities includes :
• ▪ Awareness and education such as holding community meetings on

disaster preparedness
• ▪ Disaster prevention such as building a retaining wall to prevent

flood water from the residence
• ▪Advocacy such as supporting action and effort for effective building

codes or proper land use.
2. Preparedness Phase
 Disaster preparedness refers to measures taken to put together for
reducing the results of disasters. These measures may be defined as
logistical readiness to cope with disasters. Disaster preparedness has the
capacity to decrease the loss of lives and assets throughout a disaster.
• Preparedness phase covers a wide range of activities:
• ▪ Individual family, and community preparedness measures include

understanding what to do in the event of an earthquake, drought, or epidemic before
, during and after the disaster.
• ▪ In the times of emergency or disaster, preparedness can also mean ensuring

that strategic shock of food, equipment, water , medications and other needs are
maintained.
• ▪ P u b l i c awareness initiatives includes local meetings and house - to- house

information sharing, posters and pamphlets, media coverage and disaster awareness
day ,weak or month.
3. Response Phase
• Assistance and intervention provided during or soon after a disaster.
The priority is on saving lives and safeguarding community
assets(building, roads , crops and infrastructure).Hours , days and weeks
are the most common units of measurement. During this stage of the crisis
management humanitarian organisations are frequently present.
• ▪search and rescue
• ▪ evacuation and evacuation centre management
• ▪ medical assistance and first aid
• ▪ R e l i e f delivery ( food and drinking water, non food goods like

clothing, blankets, and kitchen equipment)
• ▪ psychological counseling (comforting, critical stress debriefing)

Recovery Phase
• Rehabilitation and restoration after a disaster is the recovery phase.It
is a goal that includes the restoration of normal community activities that
have been disrupted as a result of the tragedy.
• It includes -
• ▪ Relocation to safe places
• ▪ Rebuilding and strengthening of damaged structures
• ▪ Income generating projects

Classification of Disaster
National Policies Related To
Emergency/ Disaster Management
• Vision
• To build a safe and disaster resilient India by developing a holistic,

proactive, multi- disaster oriented and technology driven strategy
through a culture of prevention, mitigation, preparedness and response
• Approach:
• A holistic and integrated approach wil be evolved towards disaster management with emphasis on building strategic partnerships at
various levels. The themes underpinning the policy are:
•
• ▪ Community based disease management, including last mile integration of the policy, plans and execution.
•
• ▪ Capacity development in all spheres.
•
• ▪ consolidation of past initiatives and best practices
•
• ▪ cooperation with agencies at national and international levels.
•
• ▪ Multisectotal synergy
 Objectives :
 The objectives of the national policy on disaster

management are: ▪️promoting a culture of prevention,
preparedness and resilience at all levels through
knowledge, innovation and education.
 ▪️encouraging mitigation measures based on technology,
traditional wisdom and environmental sustainability.

 ▪️ensuring efficient mechanism for identification,
assessment and monitoring of disaster risks.

▪️Developing contemporary forecasting and early warning
systems backed by responsive and fail- safe
communication with information technology support
▪️promoting a productive partnership with the media to
create awareness and contribute towards capacity
development.
▪️Understanding reconstruction as an opportunity to
build disaster resilient structures and habitat for ensuring
safer living.
Disaster Management
 The primary goal of an emergency management plan in the hospital setting is to maintain a
safe environment so that patient care can be delivered effectively and staff are not exposed
to unnecessary risks during times of emergency or disaster response The most important
aspect of disaster management is advanced planning. Advanced planning activities are
classified into three types:- 1. Strategic planning activities aimed at preparing the
organization for any type of threat. This is commonly known as the all hazards approach.
2. Contingency planning are activities that are planned in response to a site-specific threat
that could occur at any time.( nuclear power plant or an airport)3. Forward planning entails
preparing for a known impending disaster, such as snowstorm or hurricane etc.
Disaster Triage
 When local emergency services are overburdened to the point where immediate care cant be provided to
everyone who requires it disaster triage is used. Other goal of triage is to identify injured or ill patients
with a good chance of survival and provide them with immediate care that does not neccesiate
extraordinary resources During disaster it classifies the patients based on the following categories
•Critical- These are life threatening conditions but are likely to be amenable to rapid intervention with
minimal resources. Eg - upper airway obstruction, complicated delivery, a rapidly allergic
reaction.•Urgent- These are the serious conditions, and if not treated promptly are likely to worsen to the
point of being critical.Eg - bleeding controlled with a pressure dressing. •Minor- Here, the necessary care
can be provided in a low tech setting. Eg- •Catastrophic- Conditions that either have a very poor
prognosis or would require so many resources that they would divert care away from others with a much
better prognosis. Eg- Cardiac arrest, major burns (50% of the body)
National Disaster Management
 Rules and ResponsibilitiesNDMA as the apex body, is mandated to lay down the policies,and
guidelines for Disaster management to ensure timely and effective response to disasters. Towards
thus, it has the following responsibilities * Approve the national plan •Lay down policies on disaster
management * Approve plans prepared by the ministries or Dept of the GOI in accordance with the
national plan •Lay down guidelines to be followed by the state authorities in drawing the state plan*
Coordinate the enforcement and implementation of the policy and plan for disaster management.*
Recommend provision of funds for the purpose of mitigation.•Provide such support to other countries
affected by major disasters as may be determined by the central govt * Take other measures like
prevention of disaster or mitigation or prepardness for dealing with disastrous situations•Lay down
bread policies and guidelines for the functioning of the National Institute of Disaster Management.

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Presented by ~ Violina Deka

4th Semester B.sc Nursing

• The life cycle of a disaster is generally referred to as the disaster

• It is possible to reduce the impact of disaster by adopting

• ▪ Awareness and education such as holding community meetings on

• ▪ Disaster prevention such as building a retaining wall to prevent

• ▪Advocacy such as supporting action and effort for effective building

• ▪ Individual family, and community preparedness measures include

• ▪ In the times of emergency or disaster, preparedness can also mean ensuring

• ▪ P u b l i c awareness initiatives includes local meetings and house - to- house

• ▪ evacuation and evacuation centre management

• ▪ medical assistance and ﬁrst aid

• ▪ R e l i e f delivery ( food and drinking water, non food goods like

• ▪ psychological counseling (comforting, critical stress debrieﬁng)

• ▪ Relocation to safe places

• ▪ Rebuilding and strengthening of damaged structures

• ▪ Income generating projects

• To build a safe and disaster resilient India by developing a holistic,

various levels. The themes underpinning the policy are:

• ▪ Capacity development in all spheres.

• ▪ consolidation of past initiatives and best practices

• ▪ cooperation with agencies at national and international levels.

 The objectives of the national policy on disaster

traditional wisdom and environmental sustainability.

assessment and monitoring of disaster risks.

minimal resources. Eg - upper airway obstruction, complicated delivery, a rapidly allergic

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