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    Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

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    Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

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    3 views32 pages

    Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

    Uploaded by

    rishabhchoudhary9202

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

    Light Propagation:
    Photon:
    According to Eienstein's quantum theory light propagates in the bundles
    (packets or quanta) of energy, each bundle being called a photon and
    possessing energy.
    (1) Energy of photon
    (2) Mass of photon

    (3) Momentum of the photon


    (4) Intensity of light (I):
    Electron Emission:

    The minimum energy required for the electron emission from the metal
    surface :
    (i) Thermionic emission: The process of emission of electrons when a
    metal is heated is known as thermionic emission. Sufficient thermal energy
    can be given to the free electrons of metal to enable them to come out of
    the metal by suitably heating the metal. The emitted electrons are called
    thermions.
    (ii) Field emission: The process of emission of free electrons when a

    strong electric field (≃ 10 V/m) is applied across the metal surface is known
    as field emission.

    (iii) Photoelectric emission: The process of emission of electrons when


    light of suitable frequency is incident on a metal surface is known as
    photoelectric emission These photo (light) - generated electrons are called
    photoelectrons.
    Photoelectric Effect Experimental Result
    and Conclusion
    Work function (or threshold energy) (W0): The minimum energy of
    incident radiation, required to eject the electrons from metallic surface is
    defined as work function of that surface.

    Threshold frequency (𝝂0): The minimum frequency of incident


    radiations required to eject the electron from metal surface is defined as
    threshold frequency.

    If incident frequency 𝝂 < 𝝂0 🠊 No photoelectron emission


    Threshold wavelength (λ0): The maximum wavelength of incident
    radiations required to eject the electrons from a metallic surface is
    defined as threshold wavelength

    If incident wavelength λ > λ0 🠊 No photoelectron emission


    The experimental set-up to study photoelectric effect is shown in figure. It
    consists of an evacuated glass or quartz tube having two electrodes. The
    electrode 'C' is a photosensitive plate, which emits photoelectrons when
    exposed to ultraviolet radiation. The electrode 'A' is a charge-collecting
    plate. The tube has a side window, which will allow the light of a particular
    wavelength to pass through it and falls on the photosensitive plate 'C'.
    Effect of Intensity of Light on Photocurrent
    Effect of Potential of Photoelectric Current
    Effect of Frequency of Incident Radiation on
    Stopping Potential
    Effect of Frequency of Incident Radiation on
    Stopping Potential
    Einstein's Photoelectric Equation: Energy
    Quantum of Radiation
    Radiation Pressure

    When photons fall on a surface, they exert force and pressure on the
    surface. This pressure is called radiation pressure.
    Case 1: Complete absorption of photon takes place.
    Case 2:Complete reflection:
    Case 3: Partially reflection from the surface having reflection
    coefficient ρ
    Case 4:If a photon falls on a surface at an angle θ on a
    surface having reflection coefficient of then

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