University Of Babylon

College Of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department
First semester -PhD stage
2024-2025

Introduction of
Digital Video Broadcasting

Papered By : Supervised By:

Ali Faeq Ruzaij Prof . Dr. Samir J. Al Muraab

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 Outlines
• Introduction to DVB.
• Developments in Television Systems
• Why digital TV are used?
• What is the DVB .
• General Digital System Diagram
• The Main Components Of DVB
• DVB types
• Scheme of standards DVB-T, DVB-C, and DVB-S
• DVB-T (Terrestrial)
• DVB-T Block DiagramDVB-T (Terrestrial)
• DVB-T2 (Terrestrial)
• DVB-T2 Block Diagram
• DVB-T vs DVB-T2
• Global distribution for DVB-T and DVB-T2
• Summery for T and T2
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• DVB-C (Cable)
• DVB-C Block Diagram
• DVB-C2
• DVB-C2 Block Diagram
• DVB-C vs DVB-C2
• Summery for C and C2
• DVB-S (Satellite)
• DVB-S Block Diagram
• DVB-S2
• DVB-S2 Block Diagram
• DVB-S vs DVB-S2
• Summery for S and S2
• Improved to 2nd Generation
• Comparisons Between DVB Standards
• Comparisons Between DVB Standards(fist generation)
• Comparisons Between DVB Standards(second generation)
• Recent Standards
• DVB-SIS
• DVB-RCS2
• 2018 Standards
• References

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 Developments in Television Systems
• In Great Britain, the first fully functional electronic television system was
demonstrated in 1935 by a television research group from the Electric
Musical Industries (EMI)
• In 1936, launch of the first public television service. by the British
Broadcasting Corporation (BBC).
• The first color television service started in the United States in 1951
• In the end of 1991 the European decided to stop working in analogue and
creating the European launching grope (ELG)in order to defined the
stander of digital TV
• on September 10, 1993, 84 European broadcasters, telecommunication
organizations, manufacturers, and regulatory authorities signed a
memorandum of understanding forming the European DVB Project (DVB)
• the first digital TV broadcasting for the customer in mid 1994
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 Why digital TV are used?
• to providing enhanced picture and sound quality
• increased channel capacity
• interactive capabilities for viewers.
• The digital format ensures more dependable transmission
because of error detections and corrections.
• It can be transmit mor than one channel over single
frequency.
• it can transmit the digital signal with more security by
Encryption the data

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 What is the DVB ?
• Digital video broadcasting (DVB) is the standard for digital
broadcasting that was first adopted in Europe. The original
standard was based on (moving picture expert group) MPEG-2
encoding of the video and musicam encoding of the audio.
• DVB led to digital TV technology companies, such as
manufacturers, software developers, network operators,
broadcasters and regulators, committed to design technical
specifications for the delivery of digital TV
• The DVB standard also tells how to combine several services as
radio and tv channels in a multiplex. This is important to distribute
the signal using satellite, cable or terrestrial transmitters

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 What is the DVB ?
• There are three type of DVB standard, DVB`-S (satellite),
DVB-C (cable) and DVB-T (terrestrial) are used for
distribution media.
• In telecommunication, broadcasting refers to a method of
transferring a message to all recipients simultaneously.
• The term digital television is sometimes used as a
synonym for DVB
• DVB used a concatenated coding“ of the baseband signals
to achieve high level protection of the transmitted signal.

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 General Digital System Diagram
Input data

Source coding Chanel coding

Transmitter

Channel
output

Source decoding Chanel decoding

Receiver

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 DVB Block Diagram
MPEG-X

Scrambler

Outer Outer Inner Inner

coder Interleaver mapping
coder Interleaver

Transmitter

Channel
output
deScrambler

Outer Outer Inner Inner

demapping
decoder deinterleaver decoder deinterleaver

Receiver

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 The Main Components Of DVB
• Scrambler/descrambler.
• DVB Outer Coding
• DVB Outer interleaver
• DVB Inner Coding
• DVB inner interleaver
• Mapping

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 The Main Components Of DVB
• MPEG-X: moving pictures experts group
• MPEG-2 is used for high definition terrestrial broadcasting (DVB-
T2) in north america and for some satellite based channels.
• MPEG-2, a bitrate between 3 to 5 Mbit/s is required for standard
tv while MPEG-4 can produce an acceptable quality at bitrates
down to 1.5 Mbit/s.
• MPEG-4 is the best of performance in mpeg-1 and mpeg-2 and
the same format can be used for signals having bitrates from 10
kbit/s to several Mbit/s.
• MPEG-4 is suitable for low bitrate internet TV as well as standard
definition and high definition tv. Also easier than previous formats
to combine with computer graphics.
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 DVB types

• DVB-T (digital video broadcasting via terrestrial) at 1997

and second generation (DVB-T2) at 2006.
• DVB-C (digital video broadcasting via cable) at 1994
and second generation (dvb-c2) at 2009.
• DVB-S (digital video broadcasting via satellite) at 1995
and second generation (dvb-s2) at 2005.
• DVB-H handheld at 2004.
• DVB-SH satellite handheld 2007.
• DVB-NGH new generation handheld at 2010.
• DVB-T2 LITE 2011.

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Scheme of standards DVB-T, DVB-C,
and DVB-S

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 DVB-T (Terrestrial)
DVB-T or Digital Video Broadcast - Terrestrial is the most widely used
digital television standard around the world for terrestrial television
transmissions. It provides many facilities and enables a far more
efficient utility of the available radio frequency spectrum than the
previous analogue transmissions.
This system transmits compressed digital audio, digital video and other
data using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM)
modulation.
It is also the format widely used worldwide (including North America).

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 DVB-T Block Diagram
Transmitter

Outer Inner
Outer coder Inner coder OFDM
Interleaver Interleaver
Reed Solomon Convolutional

Channel
Receiver

Outer Outer Inner Inner

OFDM
decoder deinterleaver decoder deinterleaver
Reed Solomon Convolutional

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 DVB-T2
• DVB-T2 is an abbreviation for "digital video broadcasting-second
generation terrestrial"; it is the extension of the television standard
DVB-T.
• DVB-T2 transmits compressed digital audio, video, and other data
using OFDM modulation with concatenated channel coding and
interleaving.
• DVB-T2 offered higher bit rate with respect to DVB-T, this feature
makes it a suitable system for carrying HDTV signals on the
terrestrial TV channel (though many broadcasters still use plain DVB-
T for this purpose).
• DVB-T2 using BCH instead of REED SOLOMON and using LDPC
instead of convolutional coding this will give more capacity and
increasing OFDM sub-carrier.
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 DVB-T2 Block Diagram
Transmitter

Outer Inner
Outer coder Inner coder OFDM
Interleaver Interleaver
BCH LDPC

Channel
Receiver

Outer Outer Inner Inner

OFDM
decoder deinterleaver decoder deinterleaver
BCH LDPC

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 DVB-T vs DVB-T2
Item DVB-T DVB-T2

Forward Error Convolutional

LDPC + BCH
Correction (FEC) Coding + Reed Solomon

Modulation OFDM OFDM

Modulation Schemes QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM

Interleaving Bit-Interleaving Bit- time- and frequency-interleaving

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Global distribution for DVB-T
and DVB-T2

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Global distribution for DVB-T
and DVB-T2
Most of north Africa, Europe ：
DVB-T Spain; France; Germany; Poland; Norway; Ireland; Portugal; Saudi
Arabia; Turkey; Iran; Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Myanmar; Vietnam; Australia; Panama

DVB-(T) Thailand; India; Indonesia; Russia; Sweden; Finland; UK; Colombia

DVB-(T) H.265 Germany; Italy; Czech ; Slovakia; Iraq

Brazil; Peru; Argentina; Chile; Venezuela; Ecuador; Paraguay; Costa

ISDB-T Rica; Bolivia; Nicaragua; Uruguay; Belize; Honduras; Guatemala; Japan; Philippines; Mald
ives; Sri Lanka; Botswana

ATSC ， ATSC.M/H Canada; USA; Mexico

ATSC ， T-DMB Korea

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 Summery for T and T2
• Modulation Schemes :
• DVB-T :QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
• DVB-T2: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, 256QAM
• Forward Error Correction (FEC):
• DVB-T : (Convolutional Coding + Reed Solomon)
• DVB-T2: (LDPC + BCH)

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 DVB-C (Cable)
• Digital video broadcasting cable (DVB-C) refers a digital broadcast
standard that uses cable as the transmission medium. Cable media is
very successful at delivering high-quality video and the latest
multimedia features. Fiber optics is a type of high-speed cable
medium with more bandwidth and higher quality digital video.
• This system transmits digital audio/digital video stream, using a
QAM modulation with channel coding (Reed Solomon). The
standard used transmission system for digital cable television in
Europe, Asia and South America.

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 DVB-C Block Diagram
Transmitter

Outer
Outer coder
Interleaver
Reed Solomon

Channel
Receiver

Outer Outer (16 ,32,64,128, 256)

decoder deinterleaver QAM

Reed Solomon

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 DVB-C2
• DVB-C2 is a digital cable transmission system developed by
the DVB Project. It uses the latest modulation (OFDM) and
coding (LDPC + BCH) ( techniques to enable highly efficient
use of cable networks.
• Why second generation cable transmission standard:
• Increase capacity
• More flexibility
• support of different input protocols
• Improvements error performance
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 DVB-C2 Block Diagram
Transmitter

Outer Inner
Outer coder Inner coder OFDM
Interleaver Interleaver
BCH LDPC

Outer Outer Inner Inner

OFDM
decoder deinterleaver decoder deinterleaver
BCH LDPC

Receiver

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 DVB-C vs DVB-C2

Item DVB-C DVB-C2

FEC Reed Solomon (RS) LDPC + BCH

Modulation Single Carrier QAM OFDM

Modulation Schemes 16- to 256-QAM 16- to 4096-QAM

Interleaving Bit-Interleaving Bit- Time- and Frequency-Interleaving

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 Summery for C and C2
• Modulation Schemes :
• DVB-C :16- to 256-QAM
• DVB-C2: 16- to 4096-QAM
• Forward Error Correction (FEC):
• DVB-C : (Reed Solomon)
• DVB-C2: (LDPC + BCH)

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 DVB-S (Satellite)
• The DVB-S is Digital Video Broadcasting
— Satellite. It was first introduced in 1993.
DVB-S has a simple mechanism at its core.
Digital transmitters beam set numbers of
channels to an area, and the desired signals
are received by antennas aimed to the
transmitter.
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 DVB-S Block Diagram
Transmitter

Outer Inner
Outer coder Inner coder QPSK
Interleaver Interleaver
Reed Solomon Convolutional

Channel
Receiver

Outer Outer Inner Inner

QPSK
decoder deinterleaver decoder deinterleaver
Reed Solomon Convolutional

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 DVB-S2
• Digital Video Broadcasting-Second Generation
• It is a standard for satellite. It has been designed as a
pervious kind for the popular DVB-S system. The standard
based on, and improved upon DVB-S. It used by mobile
units for sending sounds and images from remote locations
world-wide back to their home television stations.
• Up to 30% more capacity and up to 3dB more robust when
using LDPC + BCH instead of Convolutional Coding and
Modulation type.
• Uses the QPSK and other types of PSK modulation schemes
in the transmitter and receiver.
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 DVB-S2 Block Diagram
Transmitter

Outer Inner
Outer coder Inner coder QPSK
Interleaver Interleaver
BCH LDPC

Channel
Receiver

Outer Outer Inner Inner

QPSK
decoder deinterleaver decoder deinterleaver
BCH LDPC

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 DVB-S vs DVB-S2

Item DVB-S DVB-S2

FEC Reed–Solomon & Convolutional LDPC + BCH

Modulation Single-carrier QPSK QPSK, 8PSK, 16APSK, 32APSK

Modulation schemes n/a n/a

Interleaving Bit-interleaving Bit-interleaving

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 Improved to 2nd Generation
• DVB-T2
• Up to 97% more capacity and up to 8dB more robust (using LDPC + BCH instead
of Convolutional Coding + Reed Solomon) and increasing OFDM sub-carrier.

• DVB-C2
• Up to 30% more capacity and up to 6dB more robust (using LDPC + BCH and
OFDM instead of Reed Solomon and QAM)

• DVB-S2
• Up to 30% more capacity and up to 3dB more robust (using LDPC + BCH instead
of Convolutional Coding ) and Modulation type.

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 Comparisons Between DVB Standards
concatenated Modulation interleaving
coding
DVB-T Reed–Solomon& OFDM Bit-interleaving
Convolutional
DVB-T2 BCH& LDPC OFDM Bit- time and frequency-
interleaving
DVB-C Reed–Solomon Single carrier QAM Bit-interleaving
DVB-C2 BCH& LDPC OFDM -Bit- time- and frequency
interleaving
DVB-S Reed–Solomon & Single carrier Bit-interleaving
Convolutional QPSK

DVB-S2 BCH& LDPC QPSK, 8PSK, Bit-interleaving

16APSK,32APSK

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Comparisons Between DVB Standards(fist generation)

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Comparisons Between DVB Standards((second generation)
•.

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Recent Standards

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DVB-SIS
It is New technical specification for a
Single System. The system designed as
combination of DVB-T/T2 and DVB-S/S2
This contribution was done by a single
satellite beam.

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DVB-RCS2
The specification for two-way
satellites broadband VSAT,DVB-RCS2
provide users with a broadband
Internet connection, without need
for any local terrestrial infrastructure.

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 2018 Standards

DVB-DASH
• Its specifications used MPEG-DASH for Transport over IP Based Networks.
• Scheduled at June 2018.
DVB-MPEG
• Its specifications used a Video and Audio Coding in Broadcast and Broadband
Applications
• Scheduled at Feb. 2018.

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 References
1. Fischer, Walter. Digital video and audio broadcasting technology : a practical engineering
guide. Cham: Springer, 2020. Print.
2. Zhang, Y., Loo, K. K., Cosmas, J., & Song, Y. H. (2009). Digital Video Broadcast: Systems
and Implementations. In Mobile Multimedia Broadcasting Standards (pp. 49-76). Springer,
Boston,MA.
3. David. W.” History of the DVB Project ” . 2013.
4. Yuste, L. B., Boronat, F., Montagud, M., & Melvin, H. (2015). Understanding timelines
within MPEG standards. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 18(1), 368-400.
5. European Telecommunications Standards Institute. (1999). Digital Video Broadcasting
(DVB): Framing Structure, Channel Coding and Modulation for Digital Terrestial Television .

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