American

Revolution
 Table of contents

0 Historical 0 Battles and

1 context 2 campaigns

0 Causes of the 0 Leaders on

3 revolution 4 both sides
 Historical
01
context
 Historical Background
• North America – populated by native
Americans
• 1500’s - Europeans began arriving in
North America
• The French moved into the north and
the Spanish settled in the south and
west, the British founded colonies on
the east coast.
 Historical Background
• 1600s - the British king began establishing
colonies in America.
• 1700s - most of the settlements had
formed into 13 British colonies:
Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Maryland,
Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York,
New Jersey, Virginia, North Carolina,
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and South
 Events leading to the
revolution
The Revolutionary War (1775-83), also
known as the American Revolution, arose
from growing tensions between residents
of Great Britain’s 13 North American
colonies and the colonial government,
which represented the British crown.
 Causes of the revolution
A. Implementation of taxes
1. Stamp Act of 1765
- Imposed a tax on all paper documents
in the colonies
Causes of the revolution
 Causes of the revolution
■The issues of taxation and
representation raised by the Stamp Act
strained relations with the colonies to
the point that, 10 years later, the
colonists rose in armed rebellion
against the British.
 Causes of the revolution
2. Sugar Act (1764) - British legislation
aimed at ending the smuggling trade in
sugar and molasses from the French and
Dutch West Indies and at providing
increased revenues to fund enlarged
British Empire responsibilities following
the French and Indian War.
 Causes of the revolution
3. The Townshend Acts were a series
of measures, passed by the British
Parliament in 1767, that taxed goods
imported to the American colonies. But
American colonists, who had no
representation in Parliament, saw the
Acts as an abuse of power.
 Causes of the revolution
■The Townshend Acts, named after
Charles Townshend, British chancellor of
the Exchequer, imposed duties on British
china, glass, lead, paint, paper and tea
imported to the colonies.
 Causes of the revolution
■The Townshend duties went into effect
on November 20, 1767, close on the
heels of the Declaratory Act of 1766,
which stated that British Parliament had
the same authority to tax the American
colonies as they did in Great Britain.
 Causes of the revolution
■Townshend Act Protests
a. influential pamphlets
- “Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
,” a series of essays written by
Pennsylvania legislator John Dickinson
 Causes of the revolution
■Townshend Act Protests
a. influential pamphlets
- “Massachusetts Circular Letter,” a
statement written by Samuel Adams and
James Otis Jr. and passed by the
Massachusetts House of Representative
to other colonial legislatures.
 Causes of the revolution
■Townshend Act Protests
b. Sons of Liberty—a secret society of
American business leaders who coined the
phrase “taxation without
representation”—24 towns in
Massachusetts, Conneticut and Rhode
Island agreed to boycott British goods in
January 1768.
 Causes of the revolution
■In response to protests and boycotts,
the British sent troops to occupy Boston
and quell the unrest.
■Tensions between the colonists and
British troops finally boiled over on
March 5, 1770, when British soldiers
shot into an angry mob, killing five
American colonists in an event known as
 Causes of the revolution
3. The Tea Act of 1773 - one of several
measures imposed on the American
colonists. The act’s main purpose was
not to raise revenue from the colonies
but to bail out the floundering East India
Company, a key actor in the British
economy.
 Causes of the revolution
The British government granted the
company a monopoly on the importation
and sale of tea in the colonies. The
colonists had never accepted the
constitutionality of the duty on tea, and
the Tea Act rekindled their opposition to
it.
 Causes of the revolution
December 16, 1773 - colonists boarded
East India Company ships and dumped
their loads of tea overboard. This is
known as the Boston Tea Party.
 Causes of the revolution
■In response to protests and boycotts,
the British sent troops to occupy Boston
and quell the unrest.
■Tensions between the colonists and
British troops finally boiled over on
March 5, 1770, when British soldiers
shot into an angry mob, killing five
American colonists in an event known as
 Response to the Boston Tea
The Parliament Party
passed a series of
measures (known as the Intolerable, or
Coercive Acts) designed to reassert
imperial authority in Massachusetts.
 Response to the Boston Tea
The Parliament Party
passed a series of
measures (known as the Intolerable, or
Coercive Acts) designed to reassert
imperial authority in Massachusetts.
 The First Continental
Congress
The British expected the rest of the
colonies to abandon Bostonians to British
martial law. Instead, other colonies
rushed to the city’s defense, sending
supplies and forming their own Provincial
Congresses to discuss British misrule
and mobilize resistance to the crown.
 The First Continental
In September Congress
1774, the First Continental
Congress met in Philadelphia and began
orchestrating a united resistance to
British rule in America.
 Leaders on both sides

American leaders British leaders

• George Washington • Colonel William Prescott
(Virginia) • General Sir Thomas Gage
• John and Samuel Adams (Battle of Bunker Hill)
(Massachusetts)
• Patrick Henry(Virginia)
• John Jay (New York)
 AMERICAN LEADERS
Samuel Adams was a thorn in the side of
the British in the years before the American
Revolution. As a political activist and state
legislator, he spoke out against British efforts
to tax the colonists and pressured merchants
to boycott British products. He also was an
important leader in the Sons of Liberty
 AMERICAN LEADERS
James Otis Jr. is an American political
activist during the period leading up to the
American Revolution. He helped formulate
the colonists’ grievances against the British
government in the 1760s.
“Taxation without representation”
 AMERICAN LEADERS
George Washington
(1732-99) was
commander in chief of the
Continental Army during
the American
Revolutionary War (1775-
83) and served two terms
as the first U.S. president,
 AMERICAN LEADERS
Patrick Henry was one of the Founding
Fathers of the United States and the first
governor of Virginia.
■ A gifted orator and major figure in the
American Revolution
■ “Give me liberty, or give me death!”
■His influence helped create the Bill of
 AMERICAN LEADERS
Benjamin Franklin -
During the American
Revolution, he served in the
Second Continental
Congress and helped draft
the Declaration of
Independence in 1776. He
also negotiated the 1783
Treaty of Paris that ended
 AMERICAN LEADERS
John Jay - an American statesman and
Founding Father who served the United
States in numerous government offices. He
also served as the key negotiator at the
Treaty of Paris, which ended the American
Revolutionary War and recognized the
independence of the United States.
 AMERICAN LEADERS
John Hancock - American Revolution leader
and was a signer of the Declaration of
Independence in 1776 and a governor of
Massachusetts. Hancock used his wealth and
influence to aid the movement for American
independence. He was president of the Second
Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777, when
the Declaration of Independence was adopted
 AMERICAN LEADERS
Thomas Jefferson - author of
the Declaration of Independence
and the third U.S. president, was
a leading figure in America’s
early development. During the
American Revolutionary War, he
served in the Virginia legislature
and the Continental Congress and
was governor of Virginia.
 The First Continental
Congress
A group of colonial delegates including
George Washington, John and Samuel
Adams, Patrick Henry and John Jay met in
Philadelphia in September 1774 to give
voice to their grievances against the
British crown.
 The First Continental
They Congress
denounced taxation without
representation, as well as the maintenance
of the British army in the colonies without
their consent. It issued a declaration of the
rights due every citizen, including life,
liberty, property, assembly and trial by jury.
The Continental Congress voted to meet
again in May 1775 to consider further
action, but by that time violence had
 The Battles of Lexington and
April 18, 1775, Concord
hundreds of British troops
marched from Boston to nearby Concord in
order to seize an arms cache. Paul Revere and
other riders sounded the alarm, and colonial
militiamen began mobilizing to intercept the
Redcoat column. A confrontation on the
Lexington town green started off the fighting,
and soon the British were hastily retreating
under intense fire.
 The Battles of Lexington and
Concord
The British continued to Concord, where they
searched for hidden arms. At North Bridge, a
group of redcoats and minutemen clashed,
leaving 3 redcoats and 2 minutemen dead. The
British then retreated to Boston, while citizen-
soldiers fired at the soldiers from behind trees
and stone fences. British solders killed or
wounded totalled 273; colonists losses were 95.
The resistance mark the beginning of the
 Battle of Bunker Hill
At the Battle of Bunker Hill on June 17, 1775,
early in the Revolutionary War, the British
defeated the Americans. Despite their loss, the
inexperienced colonial forces inflicted
significant casualties against the enemy, and
the battle provided them with an important
confidence boost during the Siege of Boston.
Although commonly referred to as the Battle of
Bunker Hill, most of the fighting occurred on
Second Continental Congress
Delegates—including new additions Benjamin
Franklin and Thomas Jefferson—voted to form a
Continental Army, with Washington as its
commander in chief.
 MORE BATTLES
Throughout that fall and winter, Washington’s
forces struggled to keep the British contained in
Boston, but artillery captured at Fort
Ticonderoga in New York helped shift the
balance of that struggle in late winter. The
British evacuated the city in March 1776, with
Howe and his men retreating to Canada to
prepare a major invasion of New York.
 DECLARATION OF
INDEPENDENCE
By June 1776, with the Revolutionary War in full
swing, a growing majority of the colonists had
come to favor independence from Britain. On
July 4, the Continental Congress voted to adopt
the Declaration of Independence, drafted by a
five-man committee including Franklin and John
Adams but written mainly by Jefferson.
 Saratoga: Revolutionary War
Turning Point
The Battle of Saratoga occurred in September and
October, 1777, during the second year of the
American Revolution. It included two crucial
battles, fought eighteen days apart, and was a
decisive victory for the Continental Army and a
crucial turning point in the Revolutionary War.
 Saratoga: Freeman’s Farm
Known as the Battle of Freeman’s Farm or the First
Battle of Saratoga, the fierce fighting lasted for
several hours.
Momentum changed sides several times, but
neither side gained significant ground until
Burgoyne ordered his column of German troops to
support the faltering British line and forced the
Americans to pull back. Still, the British suffered
twice the number of casualties than the Americans
 Battle of Bemis Heights
(South Saratoga)
■ Burgoyne decided to stay put and wait for
reinforcements from New York City. In the
meantime, the number of Gates’ American troops
increased to over 13,000 and continued to grow.
■ Out of supplies and out of options, Burgoyne
surrendered his army to Gates on October 17.
 BATTLE OF YORKTOWN
When British General Lord Charles Cornwallis and
his army surrendered to General George
Washington’s American force and its French allies
at the Battle of Yorktown on October 19, 1781, it
was more than just a military win. The outcome in
Yorktown, Virginia marked the conclusion of the last
major battle of the American Revolution and the
start of a new nation's independence. It also
cemented Washington’s reputation as a great
leader and eventual election as first president of
 TREATY OF PARIS
The Treaty of Paris of 1783 formally ended the
American Revolutionary War. American statesmen
Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and John Jay
negotiated the peace treaty with representatives of
King George III of Great Britain. In the Treaty of
Paris, the British Crown formally recognized
American independence and ceded most of its
territory east of the Mississippi River to the United
States, doubling the size of the new nation and
paving the way for westward expansion.
 Leaders on both sides
BATTLE American Leader British Leader

Battle of Lexington and Barrett, Buttrick, Colonel Smith, Major

Concord Robinson and many Pitcairn and Lord
others Percy
The Battle of Bunker Colonel William General Sir Thomas
Hill Prescott Gage
Battle of Saratoga General Horatio Gates General John
Burgoyne
Battle of Yorktown Lord Charles General George
Cornwallis Washington
Awesome
words
 “This is a quote, words full of
wisdom that someone important
said and can make the reader get
inspired”
—Someone Famous
A picture is worth a thousand
words
A picture
always
reinforces
the concept
Images reveal large amounts of
data, so remember: use an image
instead of a long text. Your
audience will appreciate it
This is a map

Venus
Venus has a
beautiful name and
is the second planet
from the Sun. It’s
terribly hot, even
hotter than Mercury,
and its atmosphere
is extremely
poisonous
 American revolutionary war

2XXX 2XXX 2XXX 2XXX

Mercury Venus Earth Mars

Mercury is the Venus has a Earth is the third Despite being
closest planet to beautiful name planet from the red, Mars is
the Sun and the and is the Sun and the only actually a cold
smallest of them second planet one that harbors place. It’s full of
all from the Sun life iron oxide dust
 The declaration of
independence
was signed by… John
John Adams Hancock
Mars is actually a Neptune is the
very cold place farthest planet from
the Sun
T. Jefferson John Jay
Venus has Jupiter is the
extremely high biggest planet of
temperatures Thomas
them all
B. Franklin Paine
Mercury is the Saturn is a gas
closest planet to giant and has
the Sun several rings
 Declaration of independence
Aspect Details
T. Jefferson, J. Adams, B. Franklin, R. Sherman, and Robert R.
Authorship
Livingston
Date July 4, 1776
Purpose To declare the American colonies' independence from British rule
The preamble, the grievances against king, and the declaration of
Structure:
independence
Asserted the right to alter or abolish a government that violates these
Key Ideas
rights
Influences Enlightenment ideas, especially those of John Locke
1. Symbolic Document: Represents a bold step towards self-
governance
2. Inspirational: Motivated colonists and later generations in the fight
Significanc for freedom
e
 American colonist were
divided in:
Mercury Venus
Mercury is quite Venus has very
a small planet high
temperatures

Jupiter Saturn
Jupiter is an Saturn is a gas
enormous giant with rings
planet
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here.
For more info, click here
 Rubric
Criteria Exemplary Proficient Basic
Knowledge and Venus has a
Understanding beautiful name

Application of Earth is the

Knowledge planet with life
Mercury is
Exercises and
actually a small
Practices
planet
Critical Thinking Despite being
and Skills red, Mars is cold
Collaboration
Planet Jupiter is a
and
huge gas giant
Engagement
 Multiple choice questions
Who was the primary author of When was the U.S. Constitution
the Declaration of Independence? officially ratified and came into
effect?
Thomas Jefferson
George Washington 1776

Benjamin Franklin 1787

1789
What event marked the beginning Which battle is considered the
of the American Revolution in last major land battle of the
Revolution?
1775?
Siege of Yorktown
Battle of Yorktown
Battle of Trenton
Boston Tea Party
Battle of Saratoga
Lexington and Concord
 Short answer questions
Describe the significance of the Battle of Saratoga in the American
Revolution
01
Write here your answer
Briefly discuss the outcome and impact of the Siege of Yorktown
02 Write here your answer

Why was the Constitutional Convention of 1787 convened, and what was its
goal?
03
Write here your answer
Explain the main ideas and principles outlined in the Declaration of
Independence
04
Write here your answer
 Group discussion
American revolution / Founding
Topic documents
Explaining the importance of the history of American
Introduction 2’
Revolution
Group formation 1’ Divide the students into small groups
Discussion round
Assign each group a topic and have them discuss key aspects
10’
Presentation 5’ Each group selects a spokesperson to share their findings

Q&A session 5’ Allow questions and discussions after each presentation

Takeaways 3’ Each student shares one key learning or action they'll take

Conclusion 2’ Summarize the importance of history

Project title: The american
Objective revolution
Instructions
Prepare a oral General Research
presentation about your Despite being red, Mars is actually a
research cold place
Bibliography Biography of a Key Figure
Venus has a beautiful name Venus is the second planet from the
and is the second planet Sun
from the Sun. It’s terribly Document Comparison
hot, even hotter than Earth is the third planet from the Sun
Mercury, and its
atmosphere is extremely Event Map
poisonous. It’s the second- Neptune is the farthest planet from the
brightest natural object Sun
 Declaration
Essay
… written primarily by T. Jefferson, was adopted on July 4,
of
1776. It declared the thirteen American colonies as
Independenc
independent states
e
Revolutionar … convened in Philadelphia in 1787 to address the
y War weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

Founding …The Articles of Confederation, adopted in 1777, served

Fathers as the first constitution of the United States
Articles of … is a fundamental principle of the U.S. Constitution. It
Confederatio ensures that no single branch of government has too much
Constitutionn power
… were the political leaders and statesmen who played
al crucial roles in the American Revolution and the drafting of
Convention the U.S. Constitution
Checks and … was the armed conflict between Great Britain and
Balances thirteen of its North American colonies
 True or false
About american revolution and founding
T F
documents
The American Revolution began with the Battle of Bunker Hill X

The Declaration of Independence was signed before the Revolutionary War started

The Patriots were colonists who supported British rule during the American Revolution

The "Shot Heard 'Round the World" refers to the first shots fired at the Battle of
Lexington and Concord

The Treaty of Paris in 1783 officially recognized the independence of the United States

Thomas Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence

The Battle of Saratoga is considered a turning point in the American Revolution

Valley Forge was the site of a significant British victory during the Revolutionary War

The Articles of Confederation served as the first constitution of the United States
 Free slide
Independen A C T C O L O N I E S B W A R Army
✔
ce R I G H T S T O I R T A P Y E Redcoats
Liberty S T A O C D E R X G N R F U V Bunker hill
Revolution T A X A T I O N K U E M O Y O Yorktown
Founding D E M O C R A C Y N M Y U T L Freedom
Declaration U B L L I H R E K N U B N R U Constitution
Documents K Y N O I T A R A L C E D E T Gun
War N O I T U T I T S N O C I B I Rights
Patriots Y O R K T O W N U Y D B N I O Act
Colonies I N D E P E N D E N C E G L N Democracy
Taxation
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