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Duct

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7 views32 pages

Duct

Uploaded by

hibagemre1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HVAC SYSTEM,

VENTILATION ,DUCTIN
G SYSTEM AND
COOLING TOWER
HVAC
 Heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment
perform heating and/or cooling for residential, commercial or
industries buildings.
 A properly designed system will provide comfortable indoor
environment.
Functions of HVAC
1. Control airborne particles, dust and micro organisms.
2. Maintain room pressure.
3. Maintain space moisture.
4. Maintain space temperature.
Advantages
o Usually less air filter loading = lower filter maintenance and
energy cost.
o opportunity for better air filtration.
o less challenge to HVAC = better control of parameters (T, RH,
etc.)
o less throw away air = lower cooling/heating cost.
Disadvantages
o Return air ductwork routing to air handler may complicate
above ceiling.
o Chance of cross contamination = requires adequate supply air
filtration (and sometimes return air filtration).
Applications
o Classified spaces such as Sterlite manufacture ( few airborne
materials, very clean return air ).
o Finished oral solid dosage (OSD) manufacture where product
is not airborne with other products in the facility.
o Final bulk APIs, usually with dedicated air handler for each
room.
Ventilation system in
buildings
Ventilation is the process of “changing” or replacing air in any
space to provide high indoor air quality (i.e. to control temperature,
replenish oxygen, or remove moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust,
airborne bacteria, and carbon dioxide). Ventilation is used to
remove unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduce
outside air, to keep interior building air circulating, and to prevent
stagnation of the interior air.
What is the function
 Health.
 Thermal comfort.
 Cooling the building structure.
Natural ventilation
system
Natural ventilation system is the process of supplying and removing air
through an indoor space without using mechanical systems. It refers to the
flow of external air to an indoor space as a result of pressure or
temperatures differences.
Natural ventilation occurs in two ways:
1. Pressure difference.
2. Temperature difference.
Pressure difference
• Air moves from high pressure to low pressure. Speed of air
movement depends on the pressure difference.
• These types of ventilation are divided into three;
a) Window
b) Roof
c) Wall
Temperature difference
• Air movement caused by stack effect. This effect occurs when there are air
temperature differences within outside and inside. Hot air in the building will
rise up and will be replaced with cold air from outside.
• Rate of air movement is dependent on the:
1. Temperature difference.
2. Height.
3. The size and position of the air intake opening.
Advantages of natural
ventilation
• Reduction in energy costs.
• Little to no maintenance.
• Less noise.
Disadvantages of
natural ventilation
• Difficult to control the movement of air.
• Difficult to control temperature.
• Humidity rate can’t be controlled.
• Air movement is not comprehensive.
DUCTING SYSTEM
• DUCTS ARE PASSAGES USED IN HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR
CONDITIONING TO REMOVE AIR.
• THEY CONVEY LARGE VOLUME OF HOT AND DUSTY AIR.
• DUCT SYSTEM IS ALSO CALLED DUCT WORK.
• PLANNING, SIZING, OPTIMIZING, DETAILING AND FINDING THE PRESSURE
LOSSES THROUGH A DUCT IS CALLED DUCT SYSTEM.
COMPONENTS OF
DUCTING SYSTEM
• VIBRATION ISOLATORS.
• TAKE OFFS.
• STACK BOOTS AND HEADS.
• VOLUME CONTROL DAMPERS.
• TURNING VANES.
• PLENUMS.
• AIR TERMINALS.
TYPES OF DUCTING
SYSTEM
• ROUND DUCTING SYSTEM.
• RECTANGULAR DUCTING SYSTEM.
ROUND DUCTING SYSTEM
• ROUND DUCTING SYSTEM IS BASED ON DIAMETER TO DUCT PIPE THICKNESS
RATIOS.
• ROUND DUCT TYPICALLY REQUIRE THICKNESS ROUGHLY AND 3 DIAMETER
SPACING.
• IT SHOULD BE GREATER THAN 5 FEET 6 INCHES.
RECTANGULAR DUCTING
SYSTEM
• RECTANGULAR DUCTING SYSTEM IS BASED ON WIDTH TO THICKNESS RATIOS.
• ITS WIDTH SHOULD BE WIDTH = T/16.
• IN REALITY THE ENTIRE DUCT TOP AND SIDE PLATE DOES NOT PARTICIPATE IN
VENTILATION.
ADVANTAGES
• RECTANGULAR DUCTS ARE ABLE TO MOVE A LOT OF AIR THROUGH A SMALL
SPACE.
• ROUND DUCTS ARE EASY TO BUILD.
• THEY COME PREDETERMINED SIZES AND METAL THICKNESS.
• THEY ARE ALSO COST EFFECTIVE.
COOLING TOWERS
• COOLING TOWER IS A HEAT REJECTION DEVICE THAT REJECTS WASTE HEAT
TO ATMOSPHERE.
• THROUGH THE COOLING OF WATER STREAM TO A TOWER TEMPERATURE.
• ALSO USED EVAPORATION OF WATER TO REDUCE PROCESS HEAT.
• VARY IN SIZES FROM SMALL ROOF-TOP UNITS TO VERY LARGE HYPERBOLOID
STRUCTURES.
• HYPERBOLOID STRUCTURES ARE OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH NUCLEAR POWER
PLANTS.
CLASSIFICATION BY BUILD
• PACKAGE TYPE.
• FIELD ELECTRIC TYPE.
CLASSIFICATION BY USE
• HEATING., VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING TOWER.
• INDUSTRIAL TOWER.
APPLICATIONS
• CIRCULATING WATER.
• OIL REFINERIES.
• PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS.
• THERMAL POWER STATIONS.
• HVAC SYSTEM FOR COOLING BUILDINGS.

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