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Lec 15- Programming Fundamentals (1) (3)

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10 views

Lec 15- Programming Fundamentals (1) (3)

Uploaded by

babugosha80
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

CSC113-Programming Fundaments

Lecture 12
Week 15
Ms. Noor-ul-Huda
Lecturer
Department of Computer Science
College of Computer Science and Information Systems
noor.huda@iobm.edu.pk
Lecture Objectives:
•Structures
•Unions
Structures
• A structure is a collection of variables of different data types grouped
together under a single name.
• Each variable in a structure is assigned its own memory location,
allowing them to hold independent values.

2/25
Structures
• The struct keyword is used to define the structure in the C programming
language.
• The items in the structure are called its member and they can be of any
valid data type.

2/25
Syntax of Structures
• struct structure_name {

• data_type member_name1;
• data_type member_name1;
• ....
• ....
• };
2/25
Intitialize Structure members
• We can initialize structure members in 3 ways which are as follows:

• Using Assignment Operator.

• Using Initializer List.

• Using Designated Initializer List.

2/25
Intitialize Structure members
• Example of a structure called Employee that stores information about an
employee:
• struct Employee {

• int id;

• char name[50];

• float salary; };

2/25
Structure
• struct Employee emp;

• emp.id = 1;

• strcpy(emp.name, "John Doe");

• emp.salary = 50000.00;

• printf("Employee ID: %d\n", emp.id);

• printf("Employee Name: %s\n", emp.name);

• printf("Employee Salary: %.2f\n", emp.salary); 2/25


Union
• A union is similar to a structure, but all its members share the same
memory location. This means that only one member can have a value at a
time.
• Imagine a union as a single box with only one slot. You can put different
things in the box, but only one thing can be there at a time.

2/25
Union
• union Data {

• int number;

• float decimal;

• };

• the Data union has two members:

• number: An integer to store an integer value.

• decimal: A float to store a decimal value. 2/25


Union
union Data value;

value.number = 10; // only number will have a value

printf("Number: %d\n", value.number); // prints 10

value.decimal = 3.14; // decimal will now have a value, and number will lose its value

printf("Decimal: %.2f\n", value.decimal); // prints 3.14

printf("Number: %d\n", value.number); // undefined behavior, as number lost its value when
decimal was assigned 2/25
Key Differences
• Memory allocation: Structures allocate separate memory for each member, while unions share the
same memory for all members.

• Data storage: Structures can hold independent values for each member, while unions can only hold
one value at a time for any of its members.

• Use cases: Structures are used to group related data that needs to be accessed independently, while
unions are used to save memory when only one member needs to be active at a time.

2/25

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