Lecture Slides of Week 3

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Lecture Slides of Week 3

Information Communication Technology
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Overview
Quantum computing
Parts of Computer System
The Information Processing Cycle.
o What is Cloud Computing
o Key Characteristics of Cloud Computing
o Types of Cloud Computing Services
Introduction to Cloud Computing and its transformation of data
storage and processing.
Essential Computer Hardware
o Processing Devices
o Memory Devices, RAM & ROM
o Input & Output Devices
o Storage Devices
o Magnetic Storage
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Quantum Computing
"A new type of computer that uses principle from physics,

specifically quantum mechanics, to solve certain problems
much faster Than regular computers”
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Parts of the Computer system
Computer systems have four parts:

1- Hardware
• Mechanical devices in the computer
• Anything that can be touched
• A computers hardware consists of interconnected electronic devices that you can
use to control the computers operations, input and output.
2- Software
• Tell the computer what to do
• Also called a program
• Thousands of programs exist
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Part of the Computer system
Computer systems have four parts:

3. Data
• Pieces of information
• Computers organize and present data
4. Users
• People operating the computer
• Most important part
• Tell the computer what to do
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Information Processing Cycle
Steps followed to process data

Input
• Computer accept data from some source i.e.,
keyboard,Mouse.
Processing
• Computer's processing components perform actions or the
data.
Output
• Computer display the results of its processing. The results
may appear as text, numbers or graphics on screen.
Storage
• Computer permanently stores the results of its processing
on a disk, tape or some other kind of storag medium.
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What is Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is a technology that enables users to access and store data,
applications, and computing resources over the internet, rather than relying on local
servers or personal devices. It allows for on-demand availability of shared resources,
providing flexibility, scalability, and cost-efficiency. Users can utilize services such
as storage, processing power, and software applications hosted remotely, enabling
collaboration and accessibility from anywhere with an internet connection.
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Key Characteristics of Cloud Computing
1) On demand self service: The Cloud computing services does not require any
human administrators, user themselves are able to provision, monitor and
manage computing resources as needed.
2) Broad network access: The Computing services are generally provided over the
networks and heterogeneous devices such as mobile, laptops etc.
3) Resource Pooling:
Multiple customers can share physical resources.
Assigns and reassigns physical and virtual resourges based on demand.
Allows customers to share the same applications or infrastructure
while maintaining privacy and security.
4) Rapid elasticity
The ability of a cloud service provider to add more capacity.
The ability to quickly scale up and down capacity is the most important
characteristic of cloud computing.
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Key Characteristics of Cloud Computing
5) security
Cloud computing features provide security by using multiple layers of
protection, including firewalls, encryption, and identity management
systems.
6) Automation
Cloud computing services are often highly automated, allowing users
to deploy and manage resources with minimal manual intervention.
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Types of Cloud Computing Services
There are three cloud services :

• Software as a Service (SaaS).
• Infrastructure as a Service (laaS)
• Platform as a Service (PaaS),
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Software as a Service (SaaS)
SaaS provides on-demand access to

application software, usually requiring a
licensing or subscription by the user. While
using Google doc, Microsoft Office 365, Drop
Box, etc., to edit a document online, we use
SaaS from cloud. A user is not concerned
about installation or configuration of the
software application as long as the required
software is accessible.
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Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Through this service, a user can install and

execute an application without worrying
about the underlying infrastructure and
their setup. That is, PaaS provides a
platform or environment to develop, test,
and deliver software applications.
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Infrastructure as a Service (laaS)
The laaS providers can offer different kinds of

computing infrastructure, such as servers,
virtual machines (VM), storage and backup
facility, network components, operating
systems or any other hardware or software.
Using laaS from the cloud, a user can use the
hardware infrastructure located at a remote
location to configure, deploy and execute any
software application on that cloud
infrastructure.
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Essential Computer Hardware
A computers hardware devices fall into one of four categories:

1- Processor
2- Memory
3- Input and Output
4- Storage
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Processing Devices
The procedure that transforms raw data into useful information is called processing.
To perform this transformation, the computer uses two components; the processor
and memory. The processor is like the brain of the computer; it organizes and carries
out instructions that come from either the user or the software. In a personal computer
the processor usually consists of one or more specialized chips, called
microprocessors, the microprocessor is plugged into the computer's motherboard.
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Memory Devices
In a computer, memory is one or more sets of chips that store data or program
instructions, either temporarily or permanently. Memory is a critical processing
component in any computer. Personal computers use several different types of
memory, but the two most important are called random access memory (RAM) and
read-only memory (ROM). These two types of memory work in very different ways
and perform distinct functions.
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RAM and ROM
Random Access Memory:

The most common type of memory is called random access memory (RAM).
As a result, the term memory is typically used to mean RAM. RAM holds data and program
instructions while the CPU works with them. When a program is launched, it is loaded into
and run from memory. As the program needs data, it is loaded into memory for fast access.
As new data is entered into the computer, it is also stored in memory—but only temporarily.
Data is both written to and read from this memory. (Because of this, RAM is also sometimes
called read/write memory)
Read only Memory:

Unlike RAM, read-only memory permanently stores its data even when
power is shut of. ROM is called non-volatile memory because it never loses its contents.
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Input Devices
A personal computer would be useless if you could not interact with it because the
machine could not receive instructions or deliver the results of its work. Input devices
accept data and instructions from the user.
The most common input device is the keyboard, which accepts letters, numbers, and
commands from the user. Another important type of input device is the mouse, which
lets you select options from on-screen menus. A variety of other input devices work
with personal computers
• The trackball and touchpad are variations of the mouse and enable you to draw or
point on the screen.
• The joystick is a pointing device. It is used to move the cursor position on monitor
screen. It is mainly used in playing games.
• A scanner works like a photocopy machine. It is used when some information is
available on paper and it is to be transferred in the computer for further manipulation.
• A digital camera can record still images, which you can view and edit on the
computer.
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Output Devices
The function of an output device is to present processed data to the user. The most
common output devices are the monitor and the printer. The computer sends output to
the monitor (the display screen) when the user needs only to see the output. It sends
output to the printer when the user requests a paper copy-also called a hard copy-of a
document. The most common output devices is the monitor screen, speaker, projector,
printer.
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Storage Devices
A computer can function with only processing, memory, input, and output devices. To
be really useful, however, a computer also needs a place to keep program files and
related data when they are not in use. The purpose of storage is to hold data
permanently, even when the computer is turned off.
There are two main types of computer storage: magnetic and optical.
Magnetic Storage:
There are many types of computer storage, but the most common is the magnetic disk.
A disk is a round, flat object that spins around its center. Read/write heads, which work
in much the same way as the heads of a tape recorder or VCR, are used to read data
from the disk or write data onto the disk. The device that holds a disk is called a disk
drive.

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Lecture Slides of Week 3

"A new type of computer that uses principle from physics,

Parts of the Computer system

Computer systems have four parts:

Part of the Computer system

Computer systems have four parts:

Information Processing Cycle

Steps followed to process data

What is Cloud Computing

Key Characteristics of Cloud Computing

Key Characteristics of Cloud Computing

Types of Cloud Computing Services

There are three cloud services :

Software as a Service (SaaS)

SaaS provides on-demand access to

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Through this service, a user can install and

Infrastructure as a Service (laaS)

The laaS providers can offer different kinds of

Essential Computer Hardware

A computers hardware devices fall into one of four categories:

RAM and ROM

Random Access Memory:

Read only Memory:

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