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Krebs Cycle

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E. Tiamzon
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21 views10 pages

Krebs Cycle

Uploaded by

E. Tiamzon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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KREBS CYCLE

THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE


TRICARBOXYLIC ACID
The Citric acid cycle
- A series of biochemical reactions in which the acetyl
CoA is oxidized to CO2 and the reduced coenzymes
FADH2 and NADH are produced.
- The citric acid cycle get its’ name from the
intermediate product.
- Krebs cycle came from Hans Adolf Krebs ( Biochemist)
- Tricarboxylic acid cycle name came from the reference
with 3 carboxylate group present in citric acid.
- Site of TCA: mitochondrial matrix
Biological Importance of TCA
- The central metabolic pathway
- The final common oxidative pathway for
carbohydrates, fats, amino acids
- Supplies energy and provides many intermediates
required for the synthesis of amino acids, glucose,
heme etc.
- Most important central pathway connecting almost
all the individual metabolic pathways.
8 Steps of the citric acid cycle
Step 1. Acetyl CoA joins with a four-carbon molecule, oxaloacetate, releasing
the CoA and forming a six-carbon molecule called citrate.

Step 2. Citrate is converted into its isomer, isocitrate.

Step 3. Isocitrate is oxidized and releases a molecule of carbon dioxide, leaving


behind a five-carbon molecule—α-ketoglutarate.

Step 4. The fourth step is similar to the third. In this case, it’s α-ketoglutarate
that’s oxidized, reducing NAD+ to NADH and releasing a molecule of
carbon dioxide in the process.
Step 5. The CoA of succinyl CoA is replaced by a phosphate group, which is
then transferred to ADP to make ATP.

Step 6. Succinate is oxidized, forming another four-carbon molecule called


fumarate.

Step 7. Water is added to the four-carbon molecule fumarate, converting it


into another four-carbon molecule called malate.

Step 8. Oxaloacetate—the starting four-carbon compound—is regenerated


by oxidation of malate.
oxidation

hydration

oxidation

phosphorylation
In summary:
 Occurs in mitochondrion
 All enzymes are hydrophilic and occur in the matrix except for succinate
dehydrogenase, which occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane
 Citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and a ketoglutarate dehydrogenase are
the three irreversible reactions
 Produced high energy substances in the form of NAD+, FAD, GTP and Oxaloacetate.

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