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Focus Group Discussion

A focus group discussion is a qualitative research method that gathers a small, demographically selected group to discuss a specific topic, generating valuable insights through moderated conversation. The ideal group size is typically 6-8 participants, and ethical considerations such as informed consent and confidentiality are crucial. While focus groups can provide diverse perspectives and encourage participation, they also have limitations, including potential conformity pressures and time-consuming data analysis.

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11 views9 pages

Focus Group Discussion

A focus group discussion is a qualitative research method that gathers a small, demographically selected group to discuss a specific topic, generating valuable insights through moderated conversation. The ideal group size is typically 6-8 participants, and ethical considerations such as informed consent and confidentiality are crucial. While focus groups can provide diverse perspectives and encourage participation, they also have limitations, including potential conformity pressures and time-consuming data analysis.

Uploaded by

abraraslamqureshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FOCUS GROUP

DISCUSSION
WHAT IS A FOCUS GROUP
DISCUSSION
• A focus group is a research method that brings
together a small group of people to answer
questions in a moderated setting. The group is
chosen due to predefined demographic traits, and
the questions are designed to shed light on a
topic of interest.
• Focus groups bring individuals from the study
population together in a specific setting in order
to discuss an issue as a group. The discussion
generates research data.
• It is a form of qualitative research where questions are asked
about their perceptions attitudes, beliefs, opinion or ideas.
• In focus group discussion participants are free to talk with
other group members; unlike other research methods it
encourages discussions with other participants.
• It generally involves a small group of usually 6-8 people,
sometime 8-10.
• It is led by a moderator (interviewer) in a loosely structured
discussion of various topics of interest.
Key Features of FGDs
• Involves organized discussion with a selected group of
individuals to gain information about their views and
experiences of a topic.
• Particularly suited for obtaining several perspectives
about the same topic.
• Helps in gaining insights into people’s shared
understanding of everyday life and the ways in which
individuals are influenced by others in a group situation.
• The role of the moderator is very significant, as good
levels of group leadership and interpersonal skill are
required to moderate a group successfully.
GROUP SIZE
• The optimum size for a focus group is six to eight participants
(excluding researchers), but focus groups can work successfully
with as few as three.
• It is better to slightly over-recruit for a focus group and
potentially manage a slightly larger group, than under-recruit
and risk having to cancel the session or having an
unsatisfactory discussion.
• Each group will probably have two nonattenders
• Small groups risk limited discussion occurring, while large
groups can be chaotic, hard to manage for the moderator and
frustrating for participants who feel they get insufficient
opportunities to speak.
CONSENT AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
• Informed consent in FGD means that participants possess all the
information they need to decide whether they want to participate
in the research before it starts. This includes information about
benefits, risks, funding, and institutional approval.
• Participants should also sign a release form that states that they
are comfortable with being audio- or video-recorded. It is best to
ask participants to sign a form to avoid any inconvenience later
on.
• There are a few things you can do to commit to keeping
information private. You can secure confidentiality by removing all
identifying information from your report or offer to pseudonymize
the data later. Data pseudonymization entails replacing any
identifying information about participants with pseudonymous or
false identifiers.
STRENGTHS OF FGD

• Quick way to collect data from a group of people.


• Can encourage participation from marginalized groups
• Can facilitate discussion of stigmatized or counter-
cultural topics due to feeling of mutual support among
focus group participants
• Can generate more critical comments than individual
interviews. This is valuable for research aimed at
improving/revising policy or services.
• Can be used to validate findings from quantitative
research methods by providing a deeper understanding
that statistics cannot
LIMITATIONS

• Individual perspectives that are opposite from the focus


group’s majority may remain hidden due to overriding
behavioral or cultural norms, or a desire to be seen as
conforming.
• Confidentiality of individual responses is compromised due to
the existence of the group
• Data is representative of the range of views in a population,
not the prevalence of such views.
• The facilitator has a strong effect on the focus groups
behavior and can therefore influence the extent to which
issues or views are explored.
• Data analysis is usually very time consuming due to the
quantity produced.
• EXAMPLE QUESTIONS

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