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Micro Controllers

Microcontrollers (MC) are integrated circuits that combine the functions of a microprocessor with memory and input/output capabilities on a single chip, with the 8051 being a notable example introduced by Intel in 1981. They are classified by the number of bits they process, with 8-bit microcontrollers commonly used in low-end applications, while larger applications typically require microprocessors due to their higher processing power and memory capacity. The document also discusses various microcontroller families, their features, and considerations for selecting an appropriate microcontroller for specific tasks.

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2 views

Micro Controllers

Microcontrollers (MC) are integrated circuits that combine the functions of a microprocessor with memory and input/output capabilities on a single chip, with the 8051 being a notable example introduced by Intel in 1981. They are classified by the number of bits they process, with 8-bit microcontrollers commonly used in low-end applications, while larger applications typically require microprocessors due to their higher processing power and memory capacity. The document also discusses various microcontroller families, their features, and considerations for selecting an appropriate microcontroller for specific tasks.

Uploaded by

Ismailc
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MICROCONTROLLERS

Introduction
A microcontroller (MC) may be referred to as a "computer
on chip" since it incorporates basic features of a
microprocessor, including internal ROM, RAM, parallel and
serial ports, all within a single chip.
A System on a Single Chip (SoC) integrates an entire
computer onto a single chip.
A microcontroller (MC) incorporates all the features
typically found in a microprocessor (MP), including built-in
ROM, RAM, input-output ports, serial ports, timers,
interrupts, and a clock circuit.
Introduction
The 8051 is the first microcontroller of the MCS-51
family introduced by Intel Corporation at the end of 1981.
Microcontroller (MC) can be classified based on the
number of bits they process such as 8 bit MCs and 16 bit
MCs.
An 8-bit microcontroller can read, write, and process
data in 8-bit units (An 8-bit microcontroller can process 8
bits of data at a time).
The 8051 microcontroller is essentially 8-bit, which
specifies the size of its data bus.
It is widely used in various applications, including
washing machines, robotics, and others.
Introduction
Microcontrollers provide satisfactory performance for
small applications. However, for larger applications, the
memory requirement for program storage is limited.
Therefore, for large applications, we prefer
microprocessors over microcontrollers due to their high
processing speed and larger memory capacity.
8-bit microcontrollers are commonly used in low-end
applications that do not require significant processing
power, such as remote controls, toys, and simple sensors.
Applications:
Home & Office:
Appliances, intercom, telephones, security systems, garage door
openers, answering machines, fax machines, Cable TV tuner, VCR,
cam corder, remote controls, video games, cellular phones, exercise
equipment, microwave, copier, laser printer, paging

Automobile:
Trip computer, engine control, air bag, ABS, instrumentation, security
system, transmission control
Major 8-bit microcontrollers
Motorola’s 6811
Intel’s 8051
Zilog’s Z8
Microchip’s PIC

Program written for one will not run on others.


 Each has unique instruction set, registers etc.
There are also 16 bit and 32 bit microcontrollers made by variuos
chip makers
8051 Microcontroller
8051 features
Choosing a microcontroller
Meet the computing needs of the task at hand efficiency and cost
effectively
Speed
Packaging
Power Consumption
The amount on RAM and ROM on chip
The number of I/O pins and the timer on the chip
How easy to upgrade to higher performance or lower power
consumption versions
Cost per unit
Choosing a microcontroller
Availability of software development tools such as compilers,
assemblers and debuggers

Wide Availability and reliable sources of the microcontroller


The 8051 family has the largest number of diversified (multiple
souurce) suppliers
Intel (orginal), Atmel, Phiilips/Signetics, AMD, Infineon (fromerly
Siemens), Matra, Dallas Semiconductor/ Maxim
History of 8051
Intel introduced 8051, referred as MCS-51, 1981
8051 is an 8 bit processor
8051 become widely popular after allowing other manufacturers
to make and market any flavour of the 8051, but remaining code-
combatible
Led to many versions of the 8-51-speed-ROM etc.
8051 Microcontroller
Orginal member in 8051 family
Refers to MCS-51
Main features are
RAM- 128 bytes
ROM- 4K bytes (on-chip ROM, ROM amount indicates on-
chip program space)
Two timers
Serial port-1
Four I/O ports, each 8 bits wide
 interrupt sources-6
I/O pins -32
Timer-2
8052 Microcontroller
Another member of the 8051 family
Standard features of 8051 & extra 128 Byte RAM and an extra
timer
Also 8K bytes of on-chip program ROM instead of 4K bytes
So 256Byte & 3 timers & 8K for the ROM
8051 is a subset of the 8-52
All program of 8051 will work in 8052, but not reverse
8031 Microcontroller
ROM-less 8051
Add external ROM to it – large as 64K
You lose two ports, and leave only 2 ports for I/O operations
To solve this add external I/O
Various speed versions from different from different companiies
Comparison of 8051 Family Members
Various 8051 Microcontrollers
8751 Microcontroller
UV-EPROM
PROM Burner
UV-EPROM erases takes 20 min to erase

AT89C51 from Atmel Corporation


Flash (Erase before write)
ROM burner that supports flash
A separate eraser is not needed
DS89C4x0 from Dallas Semicondutor
Flash –comes with on chip loader
Loading program to on-chip flash via PC COM port

OTP (one-time-programmable) version of 8051


Flash type
When a product is designed and absolutely finalised
Much cheaper

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