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Adms Unit 1 Ppt1

The document outlines the fundamentals of Advanced Database Systems, covering topics such as the history of DBMS, data concepts, database architecture, data independence, and database languages. It emphasizes the importance of understanding different database models and their functionalities, including the ability to update, retrieve, and recover data. Additionally, it discusses the roles of various users and components involved in database management.

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2 views

Adms Unit 1 Ppt1

The document outlines the fundamentals of Advanced Database Systems, covering topics such as the history of DBMS, data concepts, database architecture, data independence, and database languages. It emphasizes the importance of understanding different database models and their functionalities, including the ability to update, retrieve, and recover data. Additionally, it discusses the roles of various users and components involved in database management.

Uploaded by

Ash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Paper Code: MCA-20-23

Paper Title: Advanced Database System


Unit- I (Part- I)

Dr. Kanwal Garg


Dept. of Computer Science & Applications
Kurkshetra University, Kurukshetra
History of DBMS
• Manual Databases
• File Processing System
• Data Base Management System
• Relational Data Base Management System
• Advance Data Base Management System
• Data Warehousing and Mining
• Big Data
Data, Information, Knowledge
Data: Raw Fact and Figure, symbol
and Wisdom
etc.
Information: Processed form of data
that is meaningful and useful for
everyone; provides answers to "who",
"what", "where", and "when" questions
Knowledge: Information acquired on
daily basis, starts acting as knowledge.;
answers "how" questions. It generates
understanding about an aspect;
answers "why“ questions
Wisdom: Evaluated understanding.
Database Management System Concepts
• Database Schema
• Database Instance
• Database Languages
• Database Sub-Languages
• Database Abstraction
• Database Integration
Database Three- Schema Architecture
Database Three- Schema Architecture
• Defines DBMS schemas at three levels:
• Internal schema at the internal level to describe physical storage
structures and access paths (e.g. indexes).
• Typically uses a physical data model.
• Conceptual schema at the conceptual level to describe the
structure and constraints for the whole database for a community of
users.
• Uses a conceptual or an implementation data model.
• External schemas at the external level to describe the various user
views.
• Usually uses the same data model as the conceptual schema.
Mapping Three- Schema Architecture

• Mappings among schema levels are needed to transform


requests and data.
• Programs refer to an external schema, and are mapped by
the DBMS to the internal schema for execution.
• Data extracted from the internal DBMS level is reformatted
to match the user’s external view (e.g. formatting the results
of an SQL query for display in a Web page)
Data Independence
• Logical Data Independence:
• The capacity to change the conceptual schema without having to
change the external schemas and their associated application
programs.
• Physical Data Independence:
• The capacity to change the internal schema without having to
change the conceptual schema.
• For example, the internal schema may be changed when certain file
structures are reorganized or new indexes are created to improve
database performance.
Data Independence
• When a schema at a lower level is changed, only the mappings
between this schema and higher-level schemas need to be changed in
a DBMS that fully supports data independence.
• The higher-level schemas themselves are unchanged.
• Hence, the application programs need not be changed since they
refer to the external schemas.
Database Languages and Interfaces
• Database Languages

• Database Interfaces:
• Menu-Based Interfaces for Web Clients or Browsing
• Forms-Based Interfaces
• Graphical User Interfaces
• Interfaces for Parametric Users
• Interfaces for the DBA
Database Functions
There are many functions a Database Management System (DBMS) serves that are key components
to the operation of database management. When deciding to implement a DBMS in a business
environment, the first task is to decide what type of DBMS one actually requires. Common types of
DBMS are the relational, network, hierarchy and object oriented models. Each kind of database
structure has its own pros and cons. While each is unique in its own way, there are some standard
functions of a DBMS, and these are:

• Ability to Update and Retrieve Data


• Support Concurrent Updates
• Recovery of Data
Database Component Modules
• Data
• Hardware
• Software
• Users
• Casual/ End users
• Sophisticated users (Data Analyst)
• Specialized users
• System analysts
• Application programmers

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