Vectors Class 12 PPT

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Vectors - Class 12 NCERT

Understanding the Fundamentals of


Vectors in Mathematics
Introduction to Vectors
• • A vector is a quantity with both magnitude
and direction.
• • Represented by arrows, where length
indicates magnitude.
• • Examples: Force, velocity, displacement.
• • Scalars (e.g., mass, temperature) only have
magnitude.
Types of Vectors
• 1. Zero Vector: Magnitude is zero.
• 2. Unit Vector: Magnitude is 1, indicates
direction.
• 3. Position Vector: Represents a point relative
to origin.
• 4. Equal Vectors: Same magnitude and
direction.
• 5. Collinear Vectors: Lie on the same or
parallel lines.
Operations on Vectors
• 1. Addition: Triangle and Parallelogram law.
• 2. Subtraction: Reverse one vector and add.
• 3. Scalar Multiplication: Changes magnitude.
• 4. Dot Product: Produces a scalar (A · B = |A||
B|cosθ).
• 5. Cross Product: Produces a vector (A × B = |
A||B|sinθ n̂ ).
Applications of Vectors
• • Physics: Forces, motion, and fields.
• • Engineering: Structural analysis, mechanics.
• • Computer Graphics: 3D modeling and
animations.
• • Navigation: GPS, aviation, and marine
navigation.

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