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Structure of DNA Short

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a molecule that carries genetic instructions essential for life, composed of four deoxyribonucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds. The Watson-Crick model describes DNA as a right-handed double helix with complementary base pairing and antiparallel strands. Key features include hydrogen bonding between bases, a pitch of 3.4 nm per turn, and the presence of major and minor grooves for protein interaction.

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5 views

Structure of DNA Short

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a molecule that carries genetic instructions essential for life, composed of four deoxyribonucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds. The Watson-Crick model describes DNA as a right-handed double helix with complementary base pairing and antiparallel strands. Key features include hydrogen bonding between bases, a pitch of 3.4 nm per turn, and the presence of major and minor grooves for protein interaction.

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amazonprime9656
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STRUCTURE OF DNA

Muhammed Riza K
Roll No: 65
INTRODUCTION

 DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is the molecule that


carries the genetic instructions essential for life.
 DNA stores the information needed for growth,
reproduction, and functioning of organisms.
 Its structure enables it to replicate accurately and
pass genetic information to offspring.
STRUCTURE OF DNA

 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is composed of four


deoxyribonucleotides
i.e deoxyadenylate (A)
deoxyguanylate (G)
deoxycytidylate (C)
• and thymidylate (T)

 These units are linked by 3’ to 5’ phosphodiester


bonds to form long polypeptide chain.
 The nucleotide is formed by a
combination of
Base + Sugar + Phosphoric
acid.

 The 3’-hydroxyl of one sugar is


linked to the 5’-hydroxyl of
another sugar through a
phosphate group.
POLARITY OF DNA MOLECULE

 In the case of DNA, the base sequence is always


written from the 5’ end to the 3’ end. This is called
the Polarity of the DNA chain.
 In the DNA, the base sequence is of paramount
importance. The genetic information is coded in the
specific sequence of bases; if the base is altered,
the information is also altered.
Watson-Crick Model of DNA
Structure
 The salient features of Watson-Crick model of DNA are;

1) Right-Handed Double
Helix
• DNA consists of two polydeoxyribonucleotide
chains twisted around one another in a right
handed double helix similar to a spiral stair
case.
• The sugar and phosphate groups comprise
the handrail and the bases jutting inside
represent the steps of the staircase.
• The bases are located perpendicular to the
helix axis, whereas the sugars are nearly at
right angles to the axis.
2) The base pairing
rule
• Always the two strands are
complementary to each other. So, the
adenine of one strand will pair with
thymine of the opposite strand, while
guanine will pair with cytosine.

• The base pairing is called Chargaff’s rule


3) Hydrogen bonding

• The DNA strands are held together mainly by


hydrogen bonds between the purine and
pyrimidine bases.
• There are two hydrogen bonds between A and T
while there are three hydrogen bonds between C
and G.
• Therefore The G≡C bond is therefore stronger
than the A=T bond.
4) Antiparallel

• The two strands in a DNA


molecule run antiparallel.
• One strand runs in the 5’ to
3’direction, while the other is
in the 3’ to 5’ direction.
Other Features Of DNA Stucture
• In the DNA, each strand acts as a template
for the synthesis of the opposite strand
during replication process.
• The spiral has a pitch of 3.4 nm per turn.
• Within a single turn, 10 base pairs are seen.
• Thus, adjacent bases are separated by 0.34
nm.
• The diameter or width of the helix is 1.9-2.0
nm.
• A major groove (1.2 nm) and a minor groove
(0.6 nm) wind along the molecule, parallel to
the phosphodiester backbone. In these
grooves, proteins interact with the exposed
bases.
Thank You

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